Iran has a longstanding history and a rich heritage of medicine. Two reputable Persian medical scholars of the Middle Ages are Razi (Rhazes) and Ibn-Sina (Avicenna). Their most important otorhinolaryngologic contributions based on the relevant data from two major medical books i.e., al-Hawi (Liber Continens) and Qanun fi-Tebb (Canon of Medicine) are discussed. *** he “Golden Age of Medicine” in...

"Ibn Sina (Arabic), also known as Avicenna (Latin) and Abu Ali Sina (Persian) was the most original and systematic Muslim philosopher. In this light he is mentioned by two celebrated historians of medieval western philosophy: A. Maurer states, "...his [ibn Sina's] philosophy is a highly personal achievement, ranking among the greatest in the history of philosophy;" and F. Copleston holds, "The ...

One of the controversial topics in cancer research and its clinical approach is the influence of biopsy on the possibility of tumor spread and metastasis that seems to be a new issue in medical knowledge (1-2), but Avicenna in more than a thousand years ago (980–1037 AD) in his book (Cannon of medicine) has been connoting on this subject (3). According to the Avicenna opinion, cancer is describ...

It is a commonplace in the history of philosophy that issues surrounding selfawareness, consciousness, and self-knowledge do not become prominent until the early modern period. For medieval philosophers, particularly those in the Aristotelian tradition, the nature of self-knowledge plays only an ancillary role in psychology and epistemology. This is a natural consequence of Aristotle’s characte...

in 41 ayat of holy quran, it is discussed about child birth, formation of fetus in uterus and also its process. it led to attention of muslim scholars to this topic. they had wide researches and experiments on gynecology, fertility, infertility and childbirth. their findings are considerable even in current era. medical sciences in islamic golden age (contemporaneous with medieval age in the we...

the human knowledge on orthopedics traces back to dawn of the medical history. during the history of medicine, several scholars including persian scientists investigated orthopedics and contributed to its flowering. abu ali al-hussain ibn abdullah ibn-sina is a great persian physician whose opinions on various aspects of medicine, including the science of orthopedics, are so remarkable. in this...