The auto-adaptive averaging procedure proposed here classifies artifacts in event-related potential data by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio. This method rank orders single trials according to the impact of each trial on the ERP average. Then, the minimum residual background noise level in the ERP data is determined at each step in the averaging process. Trials having a negative impact on t...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of a new graphical method for evaluating gas exchange (GE), as applied to three common averaging techniques used during rest, exercise, and recovery in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS Fifty patients' resting, exercise, and recovery GE graphs were evaluated using a new graphical method to determine oxygen c...

Three direct integration schemes for the matrix equations of motion of structural dynamics-the Newmark generalized acceleration operator, the Wilson averaging variant of the linear acceleration operator and an averaging method based on a variational principle derived by Gurtin-are investigated for stability and approximation viscosity. Using established techniques developed by J. von Neumann an...

Smoothing selected cepstral coefficients over time has been recently shown to be a powerful method in the enhancement of noisy speech signals. A difficulty that arises in this context is that averaging a random variable in the log-domain changes its mean in the linear domain. The knowledge of this bias is indispensable for most temporal cepstrum smoothing applications. To date, the bias is know...

A general method to combine several estimators of the same quantity is investigated. In the spirit of model and forecast averaging, the final estimator is computed as a weighted average of the initial ones, where the weights are constrained to sum to one. In this framework, the optimal weights, minimizing the quadratic loss, are entirely determined by the mean square error matrix of the vector ...

Based on the combination of time domain averaging and correlation, we propose an effective time domain averaging and correlation-based spectrum sensing (TDA-C-SS) method used in very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. With the assumption that the received signals from the primary users are deterministic, the proposed TDA-C-SS method processes the received samples by a time averaging ...

This paper provides a concise description of the philosophy, mathematics, and algorithms for estimating, detecting, and attributing climate changes. The estimation follows the spectral method by using empirical orthogonal functions, also called the method of reduced space optimal averaging. The detection follows the linear regression method, which can be found in most textbooks about multivaria...

Averaging data collected in multiple independent runs across generations is the standard method to study the behaviour of GP. We show that while averaging may represent with good resolution GP’s behaviour in the early stages of a run, it blurs later components of the dynamics. We propose two techniques to improve the situation: solution-locked averaging and solution-time binning. Results indica...

This work investigates the effect of phase fluctuation averaging on phase fluctuation induced by intrachannel four-wave mixing (IFWM) in highly dispersed differential phase-shift keying transmission systems. Through repeatedly averaging the phase fluctuations of adjacent pulses, a simple analytical model and numerical simulation revealed that the IFWM-induced differential phase fluctuation is s...

The method of time-averaging crystallographic refinement is assessed using a small molecule, alpha-cyclodextrin, as a test system. A total of 16 refinements are performed on simulated data. Three resolution ranges of the data are used, the memory relaxation time of the averaging is varied, and several overall temperature factors are used. The most critical factor in the reliable application of ...