Temperature and daylength act as environmental signals that determine the length of the growing season in boreal evergreen conifers. Climate change might affect the seasonal development of these trees, as they will experience naturally decreasing daylength during autumn, while at the same time warmer air temperature will maintain photosynthesis and respiration. We characterized the down-regulat...

Second year needles of Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta L.) were exposed for 6 weeks to either simulated control summer ['summer'; 25 °C/250 photon flux denisty (PFD)], autumn ('autumn'; 15°C/250 PFD) or winter conditions ('winter'; 5 °C/250 PFD). We report that the proportion of linear electron transport utilized in carbon assimilation (ETR(CO2)) was 40% lower in both 'autumn' and 'winter' pine ...

Estimation and modeling of soft tissue deformation during cutting is important for developing a reality based haptic interaction model for surgical training and simulation. In this paper, we are interested in understanding the effect of parameter changes, such as the cutting speed and the angle of cutting, to develop a predictive model that is self consistent with the experimental observations....

Despite the fact that Titanium material has been considered as difficult to cut material, its usage has been increasing day by day in all engineering sectors; wherever criticality is encountered. Many studies are going on in view of increasing tool life at high cutting speed to improve productivity. In this study, attempt has been made to see the effect of iron as a partial substitution  along ...