PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the bonding strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water absorption and the expansion after water storage of new self-adhesive resin cements to commercially available dental cements. METHODS Two types (hand-mix and auto-mix) of new self-adhesive resin cements (SAC-H and SAC-A, Kuraray Medical), one conventional resin cement (Panavia F2.0), t...

BACKGROUND There have been numerous attempts to demonstrate the phenomenon of ion exchange between auto cure glass ionomer cements (GICs) and dentine. The purpose of this study was to employ an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique to examine the interchange of elements between non-demineralized dentine and two types of restorative material, auto cure GICs and a resin composite. METHO...

Neurons that respond selectively to the orientation of visual stimuli were discovered in V1 more than 50 years ago, but it is still not fully understood how or why this is brought about. We report experiments planned to show whether human observers use cross-correlation or auto-correlation to detect oriented streaks in arrays of randomly positioned dots, expecting that this would help us to und...

We present a study of the parallel tempering (replica exchange) Monte Carlo method, with special focus on the feedbackoptimized parallel tempering algorithm, used for generating an optimal set of simulation temperatures. This method is applied to a lattice simulation of a homopolymer chain undergoing a coil-to-globule transition upon cooling. We select the optimal number of replicas for differe...

Two different dynamical-parameter algortihms are discussed, simulated tempering and the multisequence method. Using simulated tempering, the folding properties of 300 random sequences in a simple off-lattice model with only two amino-acid types, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, are investigated. A careful statistical analysis shows that the hydrophobic monomers are anticorrelated along the chains f...

We examine three Monte Carlo sampling methods on idealized examples. Implementing the Metropolis algorithm on created functions, we compare the single temperature to four temperatures running in parallel. Using simulated annealing and parallel tempering on the traveling salesman problem, we examine what each of the methods is capable of exploring. We focus specifically on parallel tempering’s a...

I discuss optimized data analysis and Monte Carlo methods. Reweighting methods are discussed through examples, like Lee-Yang zeroes in the Ising model and the absence of deconfinement in QCD. I discuss reweighted data analysis and multi-hystogramming. I introduce Simulated Tempering, and as an example its application to the Random Field Ising Model. I illustrate Parallel Tempering, and discuss ...

This paper addresses issues related to weights and acceptance ratios in generalized ensemble simulation (GES), while comparing two algorithms of GES: serial (e.g., simulated tempering) and parallel (e.g., parallel tempering or replica exchange). We derive a cumulant approximation formula for optimal weights in the serial GES and discuss its effectiveness in practical applications. We compare th...

We review a selection of methods for performing enhanced sampling in 1 molecular dynamics simulations. We consider methods based on collective variable biasing 2 and on tempering, and offer both historical and contemporary perspectives. In collective3 variable biasing, we first discuss methods stemming from thermodynamic integration that 4 use mean force biasing, including the adaptive biasing ...