BACKGROUND The development of active surveillance programmes for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of small ruminants across Europe has led to the recent identification of a previously undetected form of ovine prion disease, 'atypical' scrapie. Knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease is still limited, as is whether it represents a risk for animal and/or public health. The detectio...

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are thought to be the result of a gene duplication event early in vertebrate evolution. To learn more about the evolution of these enzymes, we expressed in vitro, characterized, and modeled a recombinant cholinesterase (ChE) from a teleost, the medaka Oryzias latipes. In addition to AChE, O. latipes has a ChE that is different from ei...

Aim. Atypical presentations of celiac disease (CD) have now been shown to be much more common than classical (typical) form. We evaluated the frequency of CD among adult patients with typical or atypical symptoms of CD. Materials and Methods. Patients referred to two outpatient gastroenterology clinics in Isfahan (IRAN) were categorized into those with typical or atypical symptoms of CD. IgA an...

We describe the case of a girl with a probable autosomal recessive form of nondystrophic hereditary myotonia whose clinical findings are more compatible with the dominant ones mainly myotonia congenita of Thomsen or myotonia fluctuans. Besides the clinical aspects of the atypical form presented by our patient, the efficacy of the more available drugs employed for the treatment of myotonia conge...

Background/Aim: Recently, a comparative study on the incidence of AFE has highlighted rather confusing results, showing that the complication is more than three times higher in North America than that in some European countries. In this paper, we put forward the hypothesis that this discrepancy is due to inaccurate diagnosis of non-classical form of AFE (atypical AFE). We also provide an outlin...

Transacting factors often form homo- and heterodimers and regulate various targets, the type of regulation depending on the dimeric combination. The WUS and TALE subfamilies are two atypical homeodomains in plants. A homeodomain mediates sequence-specific binding to its target DNA and usually consists of 60 amino acid residues, whereas atypical homeodomains have extra amino acid residues in the...

Rickettsia spp. human infection is endemic in Portugal the form of Mediterranean spotted fever caused by R. conorii subsp. and Israeli (ISF) israelensis. We describe a rare case haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) due to ISF, with atypical manifestations. highlight need for clinical suspicion this diagnosis importance timely intervention support.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by inherited immune defects resulting from mutations in the NADPH oxidase complex genes. The X-linked type of CGD is caused by defects in the CYBB gene that encodes gp91-phox, a fundamental component of the NADPH oxidase complex. This mutation originates the most common and severe form of CGD, which typically has absence of NADPH oxidase func...

background: abnormal pap smear consists of premalignant or malignant cervical lesions. many of premalignant cervical lesions will never progress to invasive malignancy, or even may regress over the time. thus, there is always a risk of overtreatment of patients with an abnormal pap smear. a long-term follow-up of these patients can reveal final events associated with each  subtype of abnormal p...