critical pulmonary valve stenosis (cpvs) and atrial septal defect (asd) is an uncommon form of congenital heart disease. concurrent transcatheter pulmonary valvuplasty and closure of secundum atrial septal defect appears to be an interesting alternative to surgical correction. we present the simultaneous balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary stenosis (ps) with supra systemic right ventric...

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical reinforcement learning method which enables a learner to learn tasks in a highdimensional state space. In the upper level, the learner coarsely explores the low-dimensional state space. In the lower level, the learner nely explores the high-dimensional state space. Speci cally, the learner learns to set up appropriate subgoals for the task in the upper l...

Research into the application of electrocardiography in buffaloes has been lacking when compared to other species. However, identification of altered health states, whether for identification of healthy animals or for the measurement of treatment effects is vital for research. Several electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were shown to occur in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata inc...

The hybrid approach combines an epicardial ablation with a percutaneous endocardial ablation in a single-step or sequential procedure. This study provides an overview of the hybrid procedure for the treatment of stand-alone atrial fibrillation (AF). Papers selected for this review were identified on PubMed and the final selection included nine studies. The total number of patients was 335 (rang...

background: p wave dispersion (pwd) is defined as the difference between the maximum p wave duration (p max ) and the minimum p wave duration (p min ) in 12-leads of the surface electrocardiography. the aim of this study was to evaluate the values of pwd during atrial fibrillation (af) after acute myocardial infarction (ami).   methods: we prospectively evaluated atrial rhythms of 350 patients ...

objective: ecosystems with mixed species compared to the ones with pure compositions provide a broader range of options in the fields of biodiversity, conservation, protection and restoration. nearly all forest plantations are established as monocultures, but research has shown that there are potential advantages to be gained by using carefully designed species mixtures in place of monocultures...

Modification of stands’ structure and managing them using silvicultural methods close to nature and single selection system require information on status of structure, determining the target diameter, basal area and suitable volume to result in long-term equilibrium and sustainability. So, this study was conducted using the selection sample statistical method by selecting  five 1-ha sample plot...

Incidence and prognostic relevance of supraventricular arrhythmias were evaluated in nine studies. These studies investigated patients with different forms of pulmonary hypertension. Supraventricular arrhythmias were more often found in patients with group two pulmonary hypertension. Common findings in these patients were elevated right atrial pressure and diameters and reduced tricuspid annula...

behcet’s disease is a rare immune mediated systemic vasculitis which besides it’s more frequent involvement of eyes and skin,   sometimes present with aortic pseudo aneurysm and more rarely cardiac inflammatory masses.a 51-year-old patient with behçet’s disease presented with two symptomatic aortic pseudoaneurysms concomitant with a right atrial mass. computed tomography (ct) revealed one supra...