Three-dimensional functional reconstructions of descending thin limbs (DTLs) and ascending thin limbs (ATLs) of loops of Henle, descending vasa recta (DVR), ascending vasa recta (AVR), and collecting ducts (CDs) permit quantitative definition of lateral and axial zones of probable functional significance in rat inner medulla (IM). CD clusters form the organizing motif for loops of Henle and vas...

Recent work on the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has lead to substantively different theoretical branches, of its putative functions, that have in some part developed independently of one another. The ATL has dense connectivity with a number of sensory modalities. This has resulted in empirical evidence that supports different functionality dependent upon the variables under investigation. The m...

In this prospective study, we used two full-scale prehospital trauma scenarios (severe chest injury and severe head injury) and checklists of specific actions, reflecting essential actions for a safe treatment and successful outcome, were used to assess performance of postinternship physician graduates of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course. In the first 36 participants, simulated tr...

We hypothesize that the inner medulla of the kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami, a desert rodent that concentrates its urine to more than 6,000 mosmol/kgH(2)O water, provides unique examples of architectural features necessary for production of highly concentrated urine. To investigate this architecture, inner medullary nephron segments in the initial 3,000 μm below the outer medulla were assessed...

to identify anatomic and physiologic characteristics of children which are different from adults and to explain major patterns and responses of different types of injuries and to apply atls principles in management of injured kids and to emphasize on injury prevention to reduce the impact of injury in children. children have larger head, smaller jaw, shorter, narrower, funnel shaped airway, sof...

conclusions according to our results, the infusion of one liter normal saline will cause a statistically significant decrease only in bd, after one hour, in patients with moderate to severe iss. the changes in sbp, pr, cvp and also ph, hco3 and hb were not statistically remarkable. background the management of trauma patients is often difficult. the american college of surgeons suggests using a...