Purpose This study provides the critical masses (thresholds) at which positive incidence of finance and economic growth will be dampened by negative effects income inequality poverty on energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa for policy direction. Design/methodology/approach The employed two steps systems GMM estimator 41 countries from 2005–2020. Findings found that to maintain a effect per c...

Atkinson attempts to link “phoneme diversity” with the spread of language from Africa, explicitly attempting to draw parallels with human genetic diversity, frequently shown to be highest in Africa and lowest outside that continent. There are four major flaws in Atkinson’s reasoning, which we discuss separately in the sections following: (i) conflating independent dimensions of phonological ela...

This paper revisits the Atkinson–Stiglitz result on uselessness of commodity taxation in the presence of optimal non-linear income taxation in a more general setup, namely when tastes are heterogeneous. This general analysis displays the key economic assumptions under which the Atkinson–Stiglitz result is robust. A small tax on a given commodity is desirable if high income earners have a relati...

REFERENCES 1 Lorgelly PK, Atkinson M, Lakhanpaul M, et al. Oral versus i.v. antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children: a costminimisation analysis. Eur Respir J 2010; 35: 858–864. 2 Atkinson M, Lakhanpaul M, Smyth A, et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomise...

A cutting plane method for linear programming is described. This method is an extension of Atkinson and Vaidya’s algorithm, and uses the central trajectory. The logarithmic barrier function is used explicitly, motivated partly by the successful implementation of such algorithms. This makes it possible to maintain primal and dual iterates, thus allowing termination at will, instead of having to ...

BACKGROUND Since the late 1980s, the policy of the Japanese government regarding physician manpower has been to decrease the number of medical students. However, the shortage of doctors in Japan has become a social problem in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the numbers of physicians in Japan between 1996 and 2006 and the trends in distribution of physicians. METHODS The tim...