CONTEXT Although consensus statements and recommendations from professional organizations aim to reduce the incidence of injury or sudden death in sport, nothing is mandated at the high school level. This allows states the freedom to create and implement individual policies. An example of a recommended policy is heat acclimatization. Despite its efficacy in reducing sudden death related to heat...

BACKGROUND Early sport specialization is not a requirement for success at the highest levels of competition and is believed to be unhealthy physically and mentally for young athletes. It also discourages unstructured free play, which has many benefits. PURPOSE To review the available evidence on early sports specialization and identify areas where scientific data are lacking. STUDY DESIGN T...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the types of injuries the human brain incurs as a result of traumatic forces applied to the cranium. In athletic events and endeavors, the full spectrum of intracranial hemorrhages in various compartments, raised intracranial pressure, and diffuse nonhemorrhagic damage may be seen. In this review, we describe these serious injuries and the more common mild traumatic brain...

Despite a growing body of literature demonstrating a positive relationship between sleep and optimal performance, athletes often have low sleep quality and quantity. Insufficient sleep among athletes may be due to scheduling constraints and the low priority of sleep relative to other training demands, as well as a lack of awareness of the role of sleep in optimizing athletic performance. Domain...

Anatomical injuries to the hip can present with similar symptoms regardless of whether the injury was sustained through an athletic event. Therefore, the management of such injuries might not differ between an athlete and a nonathlete, but the goals of the individual, the physiological status of the tissue that has been impaired, and the underlying physical health status of the individual all c...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in today's population, including the athletic and recreationally active "middle-aged" population. OA is a degenerative condition of the articular/hyaline cartilage of synovial joints and commonly affects the knee joint. In general, athletic participation does not specifically influence a higher incidence of knee OA in this population; however, traumatic injury t...

INTRODUCTION Chronic groin pain in young athletic patients poses a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially with such a wide variety of potential causes. Sports hernias were first described in the early 1980s, and are an increasingly recognised cause of chronic groin pain. Injury to a number of high profile athletes has raised the public awareness of this condition. Typically ...

A 19-year-old female with no significant past medical history is referred to the neurology clinic by her athletic department for management of a recent concussion. The patient plays collegiate soccer. Three days previously, she had been playing in a highly contested match with her college’s main rival. While going to “head the ball,” she collided with another player and struck her head. She imm...

Previous studies have demonstrated that athletic mouthguards worn by ice hockey and football players harbor large numbers of bacteria, yeasts, and molds, some of which are either opportunistic or frank pathogens. This article details the clinical history of two junior high school football players. The first player had cellulitis of the leg after a non-break injury. The same unusual bacterium wa...

Sports analytics has gained significant popularity to support athletic organization’s business and field operations such as enhancing talent identification, player recruitment, player development, training priorities, coaching, game tactics, team selection, injury management, fan/customer relationship management, etc. Through a qualitative case study approach, this study examines a regional uni...