OBJECTIVE A common assumption in sports medicine is that a history of concussion is predictive of a lower threshold for, as well as a worse outcome after, subsequent concussive injury. The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between concussion history in high school athletes and the on-field presentation of symptoms after subsequent concussion. METHODS One hundred seve...

BACKGROUND The World Games is a multisport event, second in importance only to the Olympic Games. Systematic surveillance of injuries and ill-health episodes is an essential part of modern integral healthcare given to athletes. AIM To describe and analyse injuries and ill-health episodes affecting competitors during the Cali World Games 2013. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of injur...

BACKGROUND Impulse oscillometry (IOS) has previously been proposed to provide greater sensitivity than spirometry when employed with indirect bronchoprovocation testing for the diagnosis of airway dysfunction in athletes. However, this recommendation is based on a highly selected population of symptomatic patients. OBJECTIVE To compare IOS, spirometry and respiratory symptoms following indire...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of dietary supplement (DS) use among elite Finnish athletes in 2002 and 2009. In 2009, the authors also wanted to examine the reasons for athletes' DS use, whether athletes feel they have experienced benefits from their supplement use, and whether athletes had had an opportunity to consult dietary specialists. Cross-sectional studies were cond...

emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage self-emotions and others' emotions and includes the intelligent use of emotions. this study aimed at investigating the emotional intelligence in male and female elite athletes in team and individual sport fields. the sample consisted of 62 female elite athletes and 74 male elite athletes selected from different individual and t...

The aim of this study was to analyze the relative contribution of the scapular motion on the extreme range-of-motion of shoulder external and internal rotation, in overhead athletes. An electromagnetic tracking device (Flock of Birds) was used to record humeral and scapular kinematics. The dominant arm of 26 male subjects (13 athletes and 13 non-athletes) was studied while subjects actively rea...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness is greater in elite athletes than in the general population, and its association with mild airway inflammation has recently been reported. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the type of sport practised at the highest levels of competition (on land or in water) and sputum induction cell counts in a group of healthy...

AIM There is little information on the plasma free amino acid patterns of elite athletes against which fatigue and nutrition can be considered. Therefore the aim was to include analysis of this pattern in the medical screening of elite athletes during both especially intense and light training periods. METHODS Plasma amino acid analysis was undertaken in three situations. (1) A medical screen...

BACKGROUND Female athletes are at significantly greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes in the same high-risk sports. Decreased trunk (core) neuromuscular control may compromise dynamic knee stability. HYPOTHESES (1) Increased trunk displacement after sudden force release would be associated with increased knee injury risk; (2) coronal (lateral), not sagitta...

OBJECTIVES To assess the time course changes in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) levels in the brain of athletes who suffered a sport-related concussion. PARTICIPANTS Eleven nonconsecutive athletes with concussive head injury and 11 sex- and age-matched control volunteers MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : At 3, 15, 30, and 45 days postinjury, athletes were examined by proton magnetic resonan...