Diets high in cholesterol and cholate such as the Paigen diet have been used to study atherogenesis, lithogenesis, and proinflammatory microvascular changes induced by nutritional hypercholesterolemia. Although these diets lead to chronic hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, the early inflammatory changes have been poorly characterized. TLR4, a known receptor for LPS, is also a receptor for a var...

Male adult rabbits were divided into five experimental groups and were fed a 2% cholesterol diet using the following schedule: (A) two groups, normal control diet; (B) one group, 60 days continuous diet (60 day); (C) one group, 30 days cholesterol 30 days control diet (3030); (D) one group, 60 days cholesterol, 30 days control diet (60-30). Aortic collagen synthesis was estimated by measuring t...

The hydrocarbon squalene, which has been suggested as a precursor in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, was fed to rabbits to see whether cholesterol thus synthesized would be efficacious in producing atheromatous lesions. Rabbits on a 3 per cent squalene diet for seven weeks showed an increase in liver weight and liver nonsaponifiable material but no more atheroma than did controls. Animals on t...

OBJECTIVE Accompanying more atherogenic lipoprotein profiles and an increased incidence of atherosclerosis, plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is depressed in diabetic obese patients compared with nondiabetic obese counterparts. The depressed levels of CETP in the plasma of diabetic obese individuals may contribute to the development of an atherogenic lipoprotein profile and ather...

BACKGROUND Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cardiovascular system. The deficiency of CSE in mice leads to a decreased endogenous H2S level, an age-dependent increase in blood pressure, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. To date, there is no direct evidence for a causative role of altered metabolism of endogenous H2S in atherosclerosis developmen...

The aim of this study was to examine the comparative hypocholesterolemic effect of soybean 7S fraction in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Soybean 7S globulin (β-conglycinin) was administered orally once a day to rats, and the effects were measured after 28 days. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: standard diet (STD) (casein alone), hypercholesterolemic (HC) diet (STD plus 1 g/100 g ch...

The factors underlying cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes have not been clearly elucidated. Efforts to study this in mice have been hindered because the usual atherogenic diets that contain fat and cholesterol also lead to obesity and insulin resistance. We compared plasma glucose, insulin, and atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr(-/-)) mice fed diets with ...

It has been proposed that elevated levels of tissue iron increase the risk for atherosclerosis, perhaps by favoring the formation of pro-atherogenic oxidized LDL. Working with apoE-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice, which do not require a high-fat diet to develop atherosclerosis, we compared the effects of standard diet (0.02% iron) or a 2% carbonyl iron diet. After 24 weeks, mice fed the 2% carbonyl ...

In an effort to identify genetic factors contributing to atherogenesis, we have studied inbred strains of mice that are susceptible (C57BL/6J) and resistant (C3H/HeJ) to diet-induced aortic fatty streak lesions. When maintained on a low-fat diet, HDL isolated from both strain C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice protect against LDL oxidation in a coculture model of the artery wall. However, whe...

OBJECTIVE Timely recognition and optimal management of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) and residual vascular risk (RVR) in family medicine. BACKGROUND The global increase of the incidence of obesity is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of many metabolic and lipoprotein disorders, in particular AD, as an typical feature of obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes ty...