Methods were developed for the in vivo estimation of rate constants for transport from blood to aqueous and subsequently into lens and corneal water compartments. Glucose transport was characterized with the nonmetabolized radiolabeled glucose analogs (14C)-L-glucose (L-glu) and (3H)-3-O-methyl-D-glucose (mD-glu) that are considered to enter the ocular humors by passive and facilitated diffusio...

The quantitative analysis of reaction products showed that the reaction of 6(A),6(D)-di-O-trityl-α-cyclodextrin (CD), AD-isomer, with trityl chloride in pyridine at 55 °C gave 6(A),6(B),6(E)-tri-O-trityl-α-CD, the amount of which was only 25% of that of simultaneously formed 6(A),6(B),6(D)-tri-O-trityl-α-CD. This indicates that the bulky trityl groups of glucopyranose-A and -D (Glu-A and -D, re...

Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates typically reach ~1 g∙min-1 during exercise when ample glucose or glucose polymers are ingested. Fructose co-ingestion has been shown to further increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of fructose co-ingestion provided either as a monosaccharide or as part of the disaccharide sucrose on exogen...

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmetal disorder associated with mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene. MeCP2-deficient mice recapitulate the neurological degeneration observed in RTT patients. Recent studies indicated a role of not only neurons but also glial cells in neuronal dysfunction in RTT. We cultured astrocytes from MeCP2-null mouse brain and examined astroglial...

This work explores the use of both spray drying and d-glucosamine HCl (GLU) as a hydrophilic carrier to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam (PXM) whilst investigating the electrostatic charges associated with the spray drying process. Spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions were prepared and characterised (XRPD, DSC, SEM). Dissolution and triboelectric charging were also conducted. The resu...

Glutamate (GLU)-induced excitotoxicity is considered to be a frequent cause of cell degeneration in basal ganglia disorders; it is normally prevented by uptake of GLU by astrocytes. We recently found that transient perfusion of GLU in the striatum induces persistent accumulation of GLU in striatal astrocytes that could be from the initial administration or caused by the slow release from neuron...

The effects of different a-D-Glucose (Glu) concentrations (0-16 mM) on Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were investigated in homogenates of adult male rat whole brain at 37 degrees C. The enzyme activities were determined after 1 h preincubation with Glu. Brain Na+, K+-ATPase was not affected by Glu different concentrations. On the contrary, Mg2+-ATPase activity was considerably reduce...

The aim of this study was to produce high yield a local bacterial alkaline protease in the yeast system because scientific involvement microorganisms enzyme production is still not given enough attention Saudi Arabia. Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere some desert plants Ninety-three producing isolates recovered on skimmed-milk agar at pH 9.4 and 45°C for 48 hr. Isolate D9 obtained He...