We introduce a simplicial pseudo-random version of lattice gauge theory. In this formulation it is possible to interpolate continuously between a regular simplicial lattice and a pseudo-random lattice. Using this method, we study -a simple three dimensional Abelian lattice gauge theory. Calculating average plaquette expectation values, we find an extremum of the action for our regular simplicia...

BACKGROUND In Iranian traditional medicine, gum obtained from Astragalus gummifer and some other species of Astragalus was used as analgesic agent. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effect of several concentrations (125, 250, and 500 μg/kg body weight) of Astragalus gummifer gum (AGG) on thermal and acetic acid induced pain in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGG was d...

BACKGROUND The Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb and roots were studied for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. MATERIALS AND METHOD The alcoholic extracts of Astragalus gummifer (F. Fabaceae), herb (AGHE), and roots (AGRE), were used for anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities in Wister rats. The effects of AGHE and AGRE were compared with the standard drugs Ph...

Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Radix Astragali. Present in all known Astragalus spp., CAG (Fig. 1) is both a triterpene aglycone and the most common genuine aglycone in the bioactive triterpenoid saponins called astragalosides (ASTs) (Rios and Waterman, 1997). Although CAG and the ASTs are found in all tissues of the Astragalus shrubs, the highest concentrations a...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Are there dimensions of symbiotic root interactions that are overlooked because plant mineral nutrition is the foundation and, perhaps too often, the sole explanation through which we view these relationships? In this paper we investigate how the root nodule symbiosis in selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus species influences plant selenium (Se) accu...

Chimpanzees are presently classified into three subspecies: Pan troglodytes verus from west Africa, P.t. troglodytes from central Africa, and P.t. schweinfurthii from east Africa. A fourth subspecies (P.t. vellerosus), from Cameroon and northern Nigeria, has been proposed. These taxonomic designations are based on geographical origins and are reflected in sequence variation in the first hyperva...

The taxonomic and phylogenetic status of several taxa previously recognized as subspecies inAstragalus sect. Anthylloidei is re-assessed based on DNA sequences and morphologicalfeatures. We focused on Astragalus ebenoides (subsp. ebenoides and subsp. naghadehensis),Astragalus murinus (subsp. murins and subsp. bornmuelleri), Astragalus remotiflorus (subsp.remotiflorus and subsp. melanogramma), A...