Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second common nosocomial infection in NICUs leading to some complications. Nurses are one of the main resources in health care that directly influence neonatal health care. Responsibility of most of preventive strategies related to VAP complications lies with nurses; therefore, nursing care should be assessed until the nurses show standar...

C.O., a female infant, had a birth weight of 6 lb. (2,720 g.). The parents were English and had one other normal child. She was admitted to hospital at the age of 3 days because of abdominal distension and vomiting. This settled without specific treatment. She went home but was readmitted two weeks later with similar symptoms together with loose stools. Intravenous fluids were required and E. c...

Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients that is associated with poor clinical and economic outcomes, including longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU and hospital stay, increased mortality, and increased hospital charges [1–3]. It is the leading cause of death among nosocomial infections, exceeding rates of de...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent life-threatening nosocomial infection in intensive care units. The diagnostic is difficult because radiological and clinical signs are inaccurate and could be associated with various respiratory diseases. The concept of infection-related ventilator-associated complication has been proposed as a surrogate of VAP to be used as a benchmark...

Objectives; To assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics, body position, kinetic bed therapy and care bundles for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. Data sources; Searches of main electronic databases were conducted in April and June 2007. Review methods; Systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials were included if they had the interventions ...

In this issue of the Journal, Heyland et al., writing for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, report the results of a multicenter, randomized trial comparing the use of bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal aspiration for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.1 This study was part of a larger 2-by-2 factorial design also comparing empirical antimicrobial monotherapy (a carbape...

tubation. During spontaneous breathing without an artificial airway (normal breathing), an open airway is a prerequisite for breathing. This fact is violated in clinical practice. When we evaluate a patient for extubation (a transition to breathing without an artificial airway), we frequently evaluate the breathing pattern first and then decide if the patient can keep the airway open. We believ...