Sperm cells are remarkably complex and highly specialized compared to somatic cells. Their function is to deliver to the oocyte the paternal genomic blueprint along with a pool of proteins and RNAs so a new generation can begin. Reproductive success, including optimal embryonic development and healthy offspring, greatly depends on the integrity of the sperm chromatin structure. It is now well d...

Despite the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), few studies analyse its impact on total fertility rate (TFR). Furthermore, very little is known about how ART affects at older ages and contributes to family s

During the last twenty-...ve years, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) have emerged as a leading treatment for infertility. An estimated 10% ¡ 15% of American married couples include a wife of reproductive age who is infertile,1 and during 2000 approximately 100,000 treatment ART cycles were performed at 405 clinics in the United States. These treatmen...

background: the complexity of assisted reproductive technology (art) increased during the last decades. new scientific and medical findings as well as the statutory requirements for improving the safety and the outcome of art were the main impetus for its development. while therapy planning is done and art is used by the ivf centers, the medical support and monitoring of patients is conducted b...

OBJECTIVE Nowadays, many infertile couples can have child by assistant reproductive technology (ART). Always the undesirable effects of these methods on newborn are considered and are evaluated. The aim of this study is to describe the impact of ART on ocular and visual performances of infants born by these methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 479 infants age...

In the past decade, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as oocyte transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and nuclear transfer (cloning) have become effective enough for clinical use. ART such as oocyte transfer and ICSI allow production of foals from mares that cannot provide an embryo by standard embryo-transfer procedures. For the equine practitioner, application of ART ...

When treating infertile couples by assisted reproductive technologies (ART), all aspects of their care in individual clinics should be evaluated frequently. Results should then be compared with other clinics offering similar treatment. Evaluation of possible adverse longterm outcomes can be achieved by pooling results from individual clinics in national, regional and international registers and...

background: based on classical two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory, in the follicle, follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) put on their main effects on the granulosa and theca cells. lh is essential for androgens production. androgens are used for estradiol production by granulosa cells. profound suppression of lh concentrations in some normogonadotropic patients can cau...

background: nowadays artificially assisted reproductive techniques are used to cure infertility. these methods are highly expensive, time-consuming and have low success rates which are usually around 20-40%. one of the best alternate methods for infertility treatment that can be considered is adoption that often decreases the treatment costs and the psychological impact within an infertile coup...