The CNS has long been considered an immune-privileged site as tissues grafted into the CNS are not rejected as they are in other tissues (Medawar, 1948; Billingham and Boswell, 1953; Barker and Billingham, 1977). An avalanche of evidence now suggests that this privilege is not absolute, as robust immune responses can occur in the CNS during infections and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sc...

The CNS has long been considered an immune-privileged site as tissues grafted into the CNS are not rejected as they are in other tissues (Medawar, 1948; Billingham and Boswell, 1953; Barker and Billingham, 1977). An avalanche of evidence now suggests that this privilege is not absolute, as robust immune responses can occur in the CNS during infections and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sc...

SENSOR Networks represent a new frontier in technology that promises to push traditional computation beyond the digital abstractions of cyberspace to interact with the real world in human timeframes. Miniature computational devices, often embedded in mobile wireless platforms, interact directly with the physical world, cognizant of a common mission, spanning time and space to monitor changes in...

Using a videogame to simulate encounters with potentially hostile targets, three studies tested a model in which racial bias in shoot/don’t-shoot decisions reflects accessibility of the stereotype linking Blacks to danger. Study 1 experimentally manipulated the race-danger association by asking participants to read newspaper stories about Black (vs. White) criminals. As predicted, exposure to s...

Implicit prejudices are social preferences that exist outside of conscious awareness or control. In this review, we summarize evidence for three mechanisms that influence the expression of implicit prejudice: associative change, contextual change, and change in control over implicit prejudice. We then review the evidence (or lack thereof) for answers to five open issues in implicit prejudice re...

introduction commuting between urban centers and rural areas is a phenomenon that observed in all countries with different social and economic structure. commuting is a new phenomenon in move of population that emerged with metropolis development. this phenomenon is different with other population movement. because this move does not change in residential place, population work in other place. ...

In two experiments, we examined how teacher gender and stereotype threat cues affected adolescents’ self-reported concerns about being negatively stereotyped in computer science courses. High-school students (Experiment 1: N = 218; Experiment 2: N = 193) read about two computer science courses, one with a competent male teacher and one with a competent female teacher, and were randomly assigned...

1. introduction one of the genres of lyrical literature that has attracted the attention of many poets. it is in fact, a poem often written in couplet-poem format in motaghareb meter which the poet addresses the tapster and expresses his ideas about issues such as the instability of the world and time, reprimanding sanctimonious ascetics, hypocrisy of the people, inviting to debauchery and expr...