Background: Tramadol is one of the most commonly used analgesics, thanks to its efficacy and safety. It is widely used in Myanmar for postoperative and cancer pain control. The use of generic drugs has been steadily increasing worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Generic drugs should have efficacy and safety comparable to their innovators or other approved generic products.  Objectives: ...

â â â  â â â â  abstract â  as the chances of a successful conclusion to the doha round of trade liberalization under the wto become increasingly problematic, so the pace of negotiating local free trade agreements (ftas) is increasing. according to the wto report, countries in the asia-pacific region are “consolidating their drive towards regionalism at an accelerated pace”. after the trade...

The diplomatic ties between Africa and Southeast Asia (SEA) have historically been sporadic and erratic. The only country in the SEA that the first decades after independence maintained a relatively narrower link to some African countries was Indonesia, because of political and ideological reasons. Today, trade has gained momentum, being South Africa, Egypt and Nigeria, the largest trading part...

Year 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of establishment dialogue between ASEAN (the Association Southeast Asian Nations) and China. The past 30 years have witnessed great enhancement in relationship Today, Belt Road initiative from China offers an unprecedented opportunity to further advance relationship. In particular, has advocated build a community with shared future for mankind, which resonat...

Increasing energy insufficiency is the main trench for South East Asian countries. Though, there are rare empirical inquiries in relation to firms’ capital structure determinants firms functioning Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN). Therefore, this study an attempt discover that six key economies ASEAN region which Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Cambodia and Vietnam. In setti...

The European Union (EU) has redefined the energy sphere in Europe over last 3 decades. Transnational policies targeting liberalization and integration, efficiency, renewables, carbon pricing, security have led to major steps forward terms of a more secure, integrated, environmentally friendly supply. We explore, through lenses paradigm shift transition pathways, how Association Southeast Asian ...

Abstract Changes in the RMB exchange rate (ExRate) impact major strategic directions, such as China’s rise, “Belt and Road” initiative, internationalization. Studying of trade war between China America on ExRate is significant. This paper constructs an R-vine copula model studies influencing factors mechanism ExRate. The Trade analyzed detail. Besides, used to analyze fluctuations returns Assoc...