Urban modification of precipitation regimes is well documented in the urban climate literature. Studies investigating urbanization and non-convective precipitation, specifically winter are limited. The theoretical framework here argues that collective influence extends beyond traditional city limits surrounding rural areas can impact regional non-adjacent cities. This paper utilizes weather res...

The detailed prediction of the upcoming wind on farms can support optimization energy production and operation maintenance. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) tools allow to simulate over long-term forecasting horizons (up several days) with a spatial resolution ranging between continental level down few hundred meters. We present methodology, based upon Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Reyno...

The grid size resolution effect on the annual and seasonal simulated mean, maximum minimum daily temperatures precipitation is assessed using Advanced Research Weather Forecasting model (ARW-WRF, hereafter WRF) that dynamically downscales National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s final (NCEP FNL) Operational Global Analysis data. Simulations were conducted over central Europe year 2015 36...

Abstract As part of NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) in 2020, an international collaboration yielded a set real-time convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts over the contiguous United States which configurations and initial/boundary conditions were varied controlled manner. Three employed, among Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3), Unified Model (UM), Advanced...

Weather forecasting is a crucial phenomenon in today’s world. Though weather prediction is completely automated, with the help of tools like Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF), Advanced Research WRF (ARW), Weather Processing System (WPS), it’s a ever challenging and a topic of interest because prediction is not an accurate always. Weather forecasting is a continuous, high dimensional, dynamic...

Better understanding of the vertical structures of clouds in the atmosphere is essential for more accurate radar, lidar, satellite retrievals, climate/weather numerical modeling, and even aviation safety issues regarding icing conditions (Fleishauer et al., 2002). However, an accurate estimate of liquid and ice phase hydrometeors in the clouds is still very challenging, and our limited knowledg...

In this paper, a novel approach for processing the outputs signal of the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes was presented to reduce the bias drift and noise. The principle for the noise reduction was presented, and an optimal Kalman filter (KF) was designed by a steady-state filter gain obtained from the analysis of KF observability. In particular, the true angular rate signal was...

This article presents the concept and estimates of the pointing-knowledge accuracy of a star tracker-based acquisition, tracking, and pointing system. The major advantages of this technology are (1) no requirement for a costly groundbased laser beacon, (2) a large mission range beyond the solar system, and (3) a heritage of mature star tracker technology. The key concept is to combine highaccur...

Perhaps the most extraordinary surviving relic from the ancient Greek world is a device containing over thirty gear wheels dating from the late 2nd century B.C., and now known as the Antikythera Mechanism. This device is an order of magnitude more complicated than any surviving mechanism from the following millennium, and there is no known precursor. It is clear from its structure and inscripti...