We examined the fitness costs of resistance to transgenic Cry1A.105+Cry2Ab2 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a globally invasive pest species. Using Bt-resistant and -susceptible populations similar genetic backgrounds, we compared insect life-history traits population growth rates on foliage Bt or non-Bt cultivars maize, soybean, cotton. found that (i)...

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous and economically important insect pest originated from tropical sub-tropical parts of America. Being strong flier, climatic adaptation large host range makes it serious threat to food security. It responsible for high economic losses in many cash crops, vegetables cereals. overreliance overuse pesticides the management FAW posed pr...