This paper describes a new armour unit called XP-Overtop which is applied together with XblocPlus units in modular layer order to reduce wave overtopping. placed close the crest of structure. Physical model tests have been performed study hydraulic stability and overtopping reduction as function relative freeboard. Based on performed, following conclusions can be drawn: 1) XPOvertop generates s...

XblocPlus is a pattern placed single layer armour unit which was developed between 2015 and 2018 (Reedijk, 2018). The applied on the Afsluitdijk Project in Netherlands where 75,000 blocks are used. second project followed at Vistula Spit Poland. Valuable experiences were gained during first practical application of described this paper.

Death and injury due to terrorist bombings continue to exercise civilian and military surgeons alike. In this paper 828 servicemen killed and injured by explosions in Northern Ireland have been studied, using data stored in the Hostile Action Casualty System (HACS). Because of the nature of the conflict in Northern Ireland, the magnitude of each explosion and the distance of the victims from it...

The first millennium BCE was pivotal for the environment and human societies in Central Eastern Eurasia because transformations accelerated altered natural cultural landscapes to hitherto unknown dimensions. Among major driving forces increasing use of horse riding, which extended range movement significantly led development cavalry units as a part large armies. Empires with enormous outreach g...

Fundamental to any ballistic armour standard is the reference projectile that is to be defeated. Typically, for certification, consistency of bullet geometry is assumed. Therefore, practical variations in bullet jacket dimensions can have far reaching consequences. Traditionally, internal dimensions have been analysed by physically sectioning bullets – an approach which rules out any subsequent...

A new, thin-shelled fossil from the Upper Triassic (Revueltian: Norian) Chinle Group of New Mexico, Chinlechelys tenertesta, is one of the most primitive known unambiguous members of the turtle stem lineage. The thin-shelled nature of the new turtle combined with its likely terrestrial habitat preference hint at taphonomic filters that basal turtles had to overcome before entering the fossil re...

Predation can promote divergence between prey populations and contribute to ecological speciation. In theory, predators can also constrain prey population divergence. In coastal British Columbia, Canada, Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) species pairs only occur in lakes with a single species of predatory fish: Oncorhynchus clarkii (the cutthroat trout). Similar lakes containing...