The difficulty in masticating and swallowing rice cake was quantified. Healthy subjects ate pieces of rice cake (9 g and 3 g) and a modified product (9 g). We used electromyography to measure the activity of the jaw-closing and -opening muscles during chewing, as well as the suprahyoid muscle activity, laryngeal movement, and sound during swallowing. The smaller the rice cake, the shorter the m...

OBJECTIVE Food packaging often pictures supplementary extras, such as toppings or frosting, that are not listed on the nutritional labelling. The present study aimed to assess if these extras might exaggerate how many calories† are pictured and if they lead consumers to overserve. DESIGN Four studies were conducted in the context of fifty-one different cake mixes. For these cake mixes, Study ...

To begin, we first rigorously define the model. The cake itself is represented by the real interval [0, 1] and a piece of this cake is a finite union of disjoint intervals X ⊆ [0, 1]. Furthermore, each agent i has a valuation function Vi that represents his/her assessment of pieces of the cake. That is, Vi(X) = x states that the piece X has value x to i. We will assume such Vi have the followin...

On a two-dimensional cake, there are m pairwise-disjoint toppings. It is required to cut the cake to m + b pieces, such that each topping is entirely contained in a unique piece, and the total number of empty pieces (b, ”blanks”) is minimized. The minimal number of blanks naturally depends on the geometric constraints of the cake and its pieces. I present tight bounds on the number of blanks wh...

Air dried press cake of sugar cane (5 Kg) yielded on extraction with cold acetone 500 g of waxy residue which gave on saponification 150gm. Un-saponifiable matter. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopic analysis of the present sterols revealed that the phytosterol mixture consists of βsit sterol (46.4%), stigma sterol (21.4%) and camp sterol (27.9 %).This sterol mixture was subjected to the ...

Rapeseed contains high amounts of phenolic compounds, mainly derivatives of sinapic acid, but only a small part can be found in virgin rapeseed oil, since the polar compounds remain in the press cake. A temperature treatment of the raw material results in the degradation of sinapic acid to 2,6dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol (vinylsyringol or canolol), which is described in literature as a very strong a...

background and objectives: the quality of cakes made of wheat flour depends on the quantity and quality of its gluten proteins however, these proteins may have side effects for some people, including the patients with celiac, and the only way to cure this disease is to take a lifelong gluten-free diet. materials and methods: this research aims to produce gluten- free cake by using rice flour an...

Fair allocation of goods or resources among various agents is a central task in multiagent systems and other fields. The specific setting where just one divisible resource is to be divided fairly is commonly referred to as cake cutting, and agents are called players in this setting. Cake-cutting protocols aim at dividing a cake and assigning the resulting portions to several players in a way th...