political evolutions and struggles of 19th century prepared the ground for realization of nationalities and emergence of nationalist movements. the realization of national identity in countries such as iran, turkey and egypt was partly due to the emphasis of governments on glorious history or ancient modernity of these nations. emergence of nationalism in any country is affected by political, ...

ion care and precision in the use of, 189 facilitating change, 555 in IAF (Integrated Architecture Framework), 627 as modeling skill, 179 in SEI viewpoint catalog, 625 using for precision, 205 validation of, 218 Acceptance criteria, in process outcomes, 87 Access control authentication. See Authentication authorization. See Authorization ensuring information secrecy, 460 insider threats and, 46...

This paper is part of an on-going research which attempts to reveal whether an analogy between ecology and architecture can benefit architectural design and if so, then in what ways. The analogy is done through an interpretation of three ecological principles which define the organization of living systems and then attempts to reveal how these three ecological principles may be implemented in a...

Linked Data has become a popular term and method of how to expose structured data on the Web. There currently are two school of thought when it comes to defining what Linked Data actually is, with one school of thought defining it more narrowly as a set of principles describing of how to publish data based on Semantic Web technologies, whereas the other school more generally defines it as any f...

The concept of specification architecture is introduced, and its importance is emphasised. Three important architectural principles are offered as a way of achieving a satisfactory specification architecture: modularity, generality and simplicity. These are supported by subsidiary techniques that realise them. Criteria are identified to evaluate successful application of the techniques and conf...

Hardware dividers are needed in many areas of applications like computer floating-point units, communication systems, cryptography, signal processing, etc. The performance requirements of these applications differ regarding data and architectural issues. In this paper, the basic principles used in hardware integer dividers are shown. A hybrid data-dependent divider is proposed based on several ...

The quality attributes of a software system are, to a large extent, determined by the decisions taken early in the development process. Best practices in software engineering recommend the identification of important quality attributes during the requirements elicitation process, and the specification of software architectures to satisfy these requirements. Over the years the software engineeri...