BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore in-depth the response of young women smokers (18-35 years) to using dark brown 'plain' cigarette packs in naturalistic settings. METHODS Participants were recruited in six towns and cities in Scotland to take part in a naturalistic study, where they used plain cigarette packs for a week. Participants completed a number of questionnaires during t...

Although the selective forces responsible for the evolution of mating systems and sexual size dimorphism have been the subjects of intensive research, most studies rely on data from only one or a few years (e.g., Clutton-Brock 1988). Temporal variation in the importance of alternative reproductive tactics, or in consequent selective pressures on behavior or morphology, has not been documented f...

In this study, the free vibration behavior of rotating nanobeam is studied. Surface effects on the vibration frequencies of nanobeam are considered. To incorporate surface effects, Gurtin–Murdoch model is proposed to satisfy the surface balance equations of the continuum surface elasticity. Differential quadrature method is employed and in order to establish the accuracy and applicability of th...

All psychiatric and general medical male patients referred to 2 hospitals in Basra, Iraq from September 2000 to April 2001 were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. A total of 189 men were identified as having alcohol-related problems. The majority were aged 30-49 years, and two-thirds had drunk alcohol for over 10 years. About 53% of patients exceeded 1 bottle (750 mL) ...

BACKGROUND Febrile convulsion in children is a frightening experience for the mothers. This experience may have unknown aspects, which must be investigated in order to plan better support for the mothers and children. This study is conducted with the aim of exploring the experiences of mothers whose children suffer from febrile convulsion. METHODS This study was based on a qualitative content...

desertification could be traced back to one or many factors. thus, to cope with such a phenomenon, there exists a need for a profound understanding of the processes and the causes. the study area of the current paper is the extent of shahrekord’s marghzar as an important case amongst the important ones of the province. in order to evaluate the roots of desertification in the area, the iranian m...

analyzing the process of land use and cover changes during long periods of time and predicting the future changes is highly important and useful for the land use managers. in this study, the land use maps in the ardabil plain in north-west part of iran for four periods (1989, 1998, 2009 and 2013) are extracted and analyzed through remote sensing technique, using the land-sat satellite images. t...