This paper examined how musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of female homemakers were studied in the literature. It also presented preliminary findings from field observations of housework and fulltime homemakers in urban settings. PubMed, Ergonomics Abstracts, Sociofile, and PsycINFO databases were used in the literature search. The review focused on comparing demands of housework and paid work. ...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to conduct an audit of point-of-sale (POS) tobacco advertising and assess compliance with an advertising ban in a large district of Beirut, Lebanon. METHODS The audit was conducted 3 months following the ban on tobacco advertising. Trained students observed all tobacco retail outlets (n = 100) and entered data into a web-based form using iPad(®) tech...

Symptoms of gastroenteritis compatible with a food-borne outbreak started appearing among employees at the central headquarters of a “Bank” located in Beirut, Lebanon, on the evening of Monday 17 May 2004. Earlier on that day, many employees had had lunch at the bank cafeteria. All of those with signs and symptoms had eaten the main dish of chicken noodles au gratin served at the cafeteria on t...

BACKGROUND Recently, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has been growing rapidly in many countries in the world, including in Arab countries. Pharmaceuticals reach aquatic environments and are prevalent at small concentrations in wastewater from the drug manufacturing industry and hospitals. Such presence also occurs in domestic wastewater and results from the disposal of unused and expi...

BACKGROUND Pathology of urothelial carcinoma may vary in different populations at diagnosis. Our aim was to evaluate the histopathologic differences between Jewish and Arab patients in Israel at first diagnosis of urothelial cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected data of all patients with confirmed urothelial cancer, treated at our department between January 2010 and Januar...

Energy consumption has been essential to societies; because societies depend on the rising provisions of energy to meet their requirements for goods and services and endorse sustainable development. The major source of energy nowadays is oil; oil consumption is dependent on oil availability, production and price. Several Arab countries are considered as major suppliers of oil in the world; cons...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging non-communicable disease worldwide. The Arab countries have a high prevalence of CKD risk factors, e.g. diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Unfortunately, the magnitude of CKD in the Arab world has not been studied well. This review presents the current data on CKD in the Arab world and proposes a call for action to address this rising epidemic.

The last chapter in this Report outlines a strategic vision built on five pillars of the future Arab knowledge society. Its chief goal is to frame a forward-looking and action-oriented discussion on knowledge in Arab countries that takes into account their particular features and circumstances and that leads to specific operational proposals for the advancement of Arab human development.

One billion of the world's population has hypertension, resulting in four million deaths per year. Data on the prevalence of hypertension in the Arab world are very limited. This review summarizes existing knowledge regarding prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in Arab countries. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for publications on HTN amon...

Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine, Arab-Islamic medicine, or Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine refers to medicine developed in the Golden Age of the Arab-Islamic civilization, which extended from Spain in the west to Central Asia and India in the east. In temporal terms it covered a period of roughly nine centuries, from the middle of the seventh to the end of the fifteenth century. Medicine was ...