The electrical potential differences were measured at various points in an organic phase of a water-oil-water liquid membrane system in which self-oscillations of an electrical potential difference occurred across a three-phases-liquid membrane by using an H-shaped cell. The electrical potential difference oscillated in the direction through the two aqueous phases, but not in its vertical direc...

Incorporation reactions play an important role in dictating immobilization and release pathways for chemical species in low-temperature geologic environments. Quantum-mechanical investigations of incorporation seek to characterize the stability and geometry of incorporated structures, as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reactions themselves. For a thermodynamic treatment of incorp...

Phospholipids containing diacetylene moieties along their hydrocarbon chains have been extensively studied for their ability to self-assemble into tubule structures from aqueous and aqueous/alcohol solvents. 1,2-Bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8,9PC) has previously been shown to form hollow microtubules of length 50-200 μm and average diameter of approximately 0.5 μm. I...

Ever-stringent environmental constraints dictate that future coal cleaning technologies be compatible with micron-size particles. For super-clean coal production, the degree of liberation needed to separate coal from mineral matter, including pyrite, requires grinding to 10 μm or below. In addition, large amounts of fine coal are discharged to refuse ponds because current coal cleaning technolo...

Although reactive halogen species (X*=X, •X−2 , X2 and HOX, where X=Br, Cl, or I) are important environmental oxidants, relatively little is known about their kinetics in condensed phases such as seawater and sea-salt particles. Here we describe a new technique to determine reactive chlorine and bromine species in aqueous solutions by using allyl alcohol (CH2=CHCH2OH) as a chemical probe. This ...

Capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) separations of plant sterols and related esters were evaluated under various conditions. Stationary phases included octadecylsilica (C18) and triacontylsilica (C30). Mobile phases comprised acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffers in aqueous or non-aqueous systems. Apart from notable differences in component resolution, b...

We report a detailed analysis of deuteron NMR spectra of micellar, lamellar, cubic, and hexagonal mesophases in the aqueous non-ionic surfactant system C(12)E(6)/water. Samples are prepared with and without shear. Particular attention is paid to an interesting temperature-driven phase sequence that includes all of the above phases that are studied before and after shear parallel or perpendicula...

Kinetics of Cr(III) ions transport through a bulk liquid membrane containing dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (DNNSA) as a carrier, flowing over aqueous phases, has been examined. Special attention has been paid to the effect of the membrane's velocity flow on the chromium concentration decrease in a feed phase. For the description of relationships of chromium(III) concentration in particular ph...

A protein mixture consisting of myoglobin, cytochrome c, and lysozyme was separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography using a two-phase aqueous/reverse micelle-containing organic solvent system. About 50% stationary phase retention ratio was obtained in most chromatographic experiments. Separations were manipulated mainly by pH gradients that controlled the electrostatic interactions...

Ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based ABS) have been largely investigated as promising extraction and purification routes. In this context, the determination of their phase diagrams and the physical properties of the coexisting phases are of high relevance when envisaging their large-scale applications. Low viscosities improve the mass transfer and reduce energy consumptions, wh...