Transitions between aquatic and terrestrial environments are significant steps in vertebrate evolution. These transitions require major changes in many biological functions, including food uptake and transport. The Alpine newt, Ichthyosaura alpestris, is known to show a 'multiphasic lifestyle' where the adult shifts from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle and then back to a terrestrial lifes...

background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...

abstract introduction: since balance maintenance is one of the indices of determining independence in older people, identifying factors that have some effects on it appears to be an interesting research issue. the aim of this study was to compare the effects of aquatic training; mental training and concurrent training (both aquatic and mental training) on balance in normal elderly males. materi...

the distribution and abundance of high aquatic plants in the gorganroud river was examined at five stations in four seasons (20 samples) over one year period during 2009-2010. we identified 21 species of aquatic plants from 21 genera, belonging to 9 families. these species were determined as 3 halophytic species (14.2%) and 18 high aquatic plants (85.7%).the highest species diversity was observ...

purpose: this study aimed to examine the differences in the co-activation of the rectus femoris (rf) and biceps femoris (bf) using the co-contraction index (ci) in aquatic and land environments during a drop-landing task in active and non-active females. methods: in this casual-comparison study, 10 active and 10 non-active females volunteered to participate. the ci was calculated from recorded ...

aim and background: panic disorder (pd) is an anxiety disorder that is associated with cognitive and physical symptoms and can cause cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, intestinal, and psychological complications, sweating, chills, and fever. given that exercise in water is effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of aquatic exercise on ...

The flux of emerging aquatic insects from streams can provide a significant energy subsidy to riparian web-building spiders. However, despite the high temporality of aquatic insect emergence, the effects of such aquatic insect dynamics on spider distribution are poorly understood. To examine the relationship, the aquatic insect flux from a headwater stream in a northern Japanese deciduous fores...