To evaluate the effect of glucagon degrading activity (GDA) on radioimmunoassay (RIA) of glucagon, I measured GDAs in plasma, serum, lysed red blood cells (RBC), and suspension of mononuclear cells and granulocytes. Serum levels of GDA in patients with various diseases were also examined. 1. Serum GDA values in normal subjects (control) measured by TCA precipitation method were 4.6 +/- 2.2% (me...

Background—The technique of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) for cardiothoracic surgery is associated with increased risk for perioperative blood loss and renal dysfunction. Although aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, reduces blood loss in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, its use has been limited in the setting of DHCA because of concerns regarding aprotinin-induced re...

The antiproteinase, aprotinin, has been reported by some workers to inhibit the growth and development of a number of different types of primary cancers in animals; however, its effects on metastasis particularly need clarification. As proteolytic enzymes are thought to be involved in some steps of metastasis, we have investigated the effects of aprotinin on the spontaneous metastasis of Lewis ...

Background: To compare the effect of aprotinin with the effect of lysine analogues (tranexamic acid and e-aminocaproic acid) on early mortality in three subgroups of patients: low, intermediate and high risk of cardiac surgery. Methods and Findings: We performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational with the following data sources: Medline, Cochrane Library, and refe...

INTRODUCTION Antifibrinolytic agents are commonly used during cardiac surgery to minimize bleeding. Because of safety concerns, aprotinin was withdrawn from the market in 2007. Since then, tranexamic acid (TXA) has become the antifibrinolytic treatment of choice in many heart centers. The safety profile of TXA has not been extensively studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate sa...

A 50 year old man presented with sudden abdominal pain, abdominal distension and shock. At emergency laparotomy a large amount of blood was found in the peritoneal cavity. There was micronodular cirrhosis of the liver and the spleen was enlarged. The bleeding was traced to distended veins in the right paracolic gutter which were oversewn and the abdomen closed. A coagulopathy was diagnosed and ...

The basic proteinase inhibitor from bovine organs, aprotinin (active ingredient of Trasylol) has been extensively studied with respect to its chemical, physical and biochemical properties and its inhibitory mechanism of action. It is widely used as a valuable tool for studying protein/protein interactions and protein conformation at the molecular level. There are numerous examples of the useful...

In acute clinical settings where there may be a role for antioxidant therapy, patients receive large amounts of i.v. fluids which may have antioxidant activity. To investigate such effects the antioxidant capacity of nine i.v. fluids was measured (Gelofusine, Haemaccel, 20% mannitol, 4.5% human albumin solution, fresh frozen plasma, aprotinin, N-acetylcysteine and two hydroxyethyl starch soluti...

Issues of drug regulation and safety are a familiar concern within the pharmaceutical industry and often do not emerge until several years after a drug has been on the market. The antifibrinolytic drug aprotinin (Trasylol) was developed by Bayer Pharmaceuticals and approved to prevent excessive bleeding in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. After several years of wides...