We developed a sensitive 32P-postlabeling method for the detection of bifunctional intrastrand crosslinks d(Pt-GpG) and d(Pt-ApG) in DNA in vitro and in vivo. After enzymatic digestion of DNA the positively charged platinum adducts were purified from unplatinated products, using strong cation exchange chromatography. Subsequently the samples were deplatinated with cyanide, because platinated di...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows the analysis of individual polymers at nanostructural level with a minimal sample preparation. This technique has been used to analyse the pectin disassembly process during the ripening and postharvest storage of several fleshy fruits. In general, pectins analysed by AFM are usually visualized as isolated chains, unbranched or with a low number of branchs an...

cephalometric norms of mcnamara analysis have been studied in various populations due to their optimal efficiency. dolphin cephalometric software greatly enhances the conduction of this analysis for orthodontic measurements. however, dolphin is very expensive and cannot be afforded by many clinicians in developing countries. a suitable alternative software program in farsi/english will greatly ...