Ribonucleosides inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the antiviral mechanism for the ribonucleoside analog 5-azacytidine (5-AZC). We hypothesized that the anti-HIV-1 activity of 5-AZC was due to an increase in the HIV-1 mutation rate following its incorporation into viral RNA during transcription. Howe...

Following up on a hit that was identified in a large scale cell-based antiviral screening effort, a series of triphenylmethyl alkylated nucleoside analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activities against the dengue virus (DENV) and the yellow fever virus (YFV). Hereto, trityl moieties were attached at various positions of the sugar ring combined with subtle varia...

Nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate analogs of certain oligodeoxynucleotides have been tested in vitro as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human T cells. Phosphorothioate analogs complementary to HIV sequences, as well as noncomplementary analogs including homooligomers, exhibited potent antiviral activity. The antiviral activity was related to the base composition...

This review highlights a wide range of research on antiviral natural products in Asia in the period from 2000 to 2008. It focuses on the most important findings in this field specifically on the plants' components with potential antiviral activity against wide range of pathogenic DNA and RNA viruses. In addition, the difference between Asians and other populations regarding their habits of usin...

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a 29-kDa protein isolated from Phytolacca americana, inhibits translation by catalytically removing a specific adenine residue from the large rRNA of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. In addition to its ribosome-inactivating ability, PAP has potent antiviral activity against many plant and animal viruses, including HIV. We recently described the isolatio...

Formycin is a naturally occurring C-glycoside (C-nucleoside) that possesses antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. In connection with our ongoing interest in the design and syntheses of C-nucleoside derived antiviral agents this report describes the preparation of carbocyclic formycin and its 7-hydroxy (oxo) analog lacking the C-40 hydroxylmethylene moiety in racemic form...

We have demonstrated that the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN, RNase 2), a rapidly evolving secretory protein derived from eosinophilic leukocytes, mediates the ribonucleolytic destruction of extracellular virions of the single-stranded RNA virus respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). While RNase activity is crucial to antiviral activity, it is clearly not sufficient, as our results sugges...

Crude extracts of leaves and bark of E. jambolana were tested for antiviral activity against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) by CPE reduction assay in three different layouts to elucidate virucidal, post-exposure and preexposure antiviral activity of the extracts. The cold and hot aqueous extracts of bark and hot aqueous extract of leaves of E. jambolana showed significant viruci...

Oxysterols are known pleiotropic molecules whose antiviral action has been recently discovered. Here reported is the activity of a panel of oxysterols against HSV-1 with the identification of a new mechanism of action. A marked antiviral activity not only of 25HC but also of 27HC against HSV-1 was observed either if the oxysterols were added before or after infection, suggesting an activity unr...