ble a disease in his hands ; viz. " Small doses of sulphate of magnesia with antimonial wine, and saline diaphoretics, usually carried off the disease, after the previous exhibition of one or two active purgatives with submuriate of mercury and scammony. A slight opiate at night was also serviceable." Indeed, I can candidly assert, that the disease abovementioned has caused me no small degree o...

The antimonial drug, meglumine antimoniate, was successfully encapsulated in dehydration-rehydration vesicles and in freeze-dried empty liposomes (FDELs). High encapsulation efficiencies (from 28 to 58%) and low weight ratios of lipids to encapsulated antimony (from 1:0.15 to 1:0.3) were achieved. These formulations, contrary to those obtained by conventional methods, can be stored as intermedi...

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a cutaneous sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), develops in some patients alongside but more commonly after apparent cure from VL. In view of the pivotal role of PKDL patients in the transmission of VL, here we review clinical, epidemiological, parasitological, and immunological perspectives of this disease, focusing on five hypotheses to explain ...

Infection in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis therapy remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Alterations in immune response induced by the uraemic state increase the susceptibility to infection and appear to play an important role in determining the type, incidence and outcome of these infectious complications. In this setting, opportunistic infection depends upon the ep...

The authors report a case of a male patient from Bacabal, MA with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), for at least nine years, with 168 lesions on his body. These were tumour-like nodules with some ulceration. He used pentavalent antimonial (glucantime) and an association of gamma interferon plus glucantime with improvement of the lesions but relapsed later. Recently, pentamidine isethionate...

Pentavalent antimonial (Sb) is the first treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Other drugs present similar side effects and higher cost. Oral miltefosine is effective to treat kala-azar. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of glucamine (SbV) plus topical miltefosine with glucamine in the treatment of CL. Eighty isogenic C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with Leishmania (Le...