The degradation processes of two self-polishing antifouling coatings containing copper-based agents (CuSCN and Cu2O) in 3.5% NaCl solution the protection effect coating systems were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) methods. results demonstrate that after immersion for 1525 d at room temperature, sti...

In 1989, the EU restricted the use of tributyl-tin (TBT) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) decided for a world-wide ban on TBT in 2003. As a replacement for TBT, new antifouling agents are entering the market. Environmental risk limits (ERLs) are derived for substances that are used as TBT-substitutes, i.e. the compounds Irgarol 1051, dichlofluanid, ziram, chlorothalonil and TCM...

As the result of the ecological impacts from the use of tributyltins (TBT) in shipping, environmental legislation for the registration of chemicals for use in the environment has grown to a monumental challenge requiring product dossiers to include information on the environmental fate and behavior of any chemicals. Specifically, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, collectively known as ...

Antifouling substances play a crucial role in inhibiting fouling and adhesion due to their broad-spectrum non-toxic advantages. Nevertheless, the excessive release of antifouling agents shortens service life coating. In this study, we investigated performance an ethanol extract from root Stellera chamaejasme (Sc) through algal experiments. The interaction between Sc algae (Chlorella Dunaliella ...