INTRODUCTION People with various medical conditions and devices are suggested candidates for receiving antibiotic prophylaxis before undergoing dental procedures. This practice is controversial, however, owing to the lack of proof of efficacy. The authors conducted a qualitative, systematic review to determine the level of evidence for this practice and whether antibiotic prophylaxis prevents d...

Two converging factors highlight the need to optimize the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery. First, there is an increasing global emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The problem is complex and multi-faceted, but the selective force of overuse of antibiotics plays an important role. The second factor is the transition to the era of managed care requiring both cost containment and qua...

AIMS To determine the coverage of vaccine and antibiotic prophylaxis in splenectomised patients in Scotland. METHODS Patients who had undergone splenectomy between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1998 were identified. A questionnaire was sent to general practitioners to validate vaccine and antibiotic status for these patients. RESULTS A total of 974 living splenectomised patients were ident...

OBJECTIVE To assess the cost effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for haematogenous bacterial arthritis in patients with joint disease. METHODS In a decision analysis, data from a prospective study on bacterial arthritis in 4907 patients with joint disease were combined with literature data to assess risks and benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness calcula...

OBJECTIVE Antibiotic use, particularly type and duration, is a crucial modifiable risk factor for Clostridium difficile. Cardiac surgery is of particular interest because prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for 48 hours or less (vs ≤24 hours for noncardiac surgery), with increasing vancomycin use. We aimed to study associations between antibiotic prophylaxis (duration/vancomycin use) and C...

Background Guidelines for antibiotics prior to dental procedures for patients with specific cardiac conditions and prosthetic joints have changed, reducing indications for antibiotic prophylaxis. In addition to guidelines focused on patient comorbidities, systematic reviews specific to dental extractions and implants support preprocedure antibiotics for all patients. However, data on dentist ad...

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy and the impact of rectal swab culture-directed antibiotic prophylaxis on postbiopsy infectious complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively analyzed all patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from April 2013 to February 2015. Antibioti...

The administration of prophylactic antibiotics before pacemaker or internal cardioverter-defibrillator implantation has been implemented widely and routinely. The acceptance of this practice has occurred despite the absence of rigorous examination or definitive evidence. The existing data for the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in device implantation consist of 7 randomized, controlled t...

OBJECTIVE To examine published evidence regarding duration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis administered to pregnant women colonized with group B Streptococcus (GBS) to reduce infant colonization with GBS and to prevent early-onset GBS sepsis. DATA SOURCES A search was conducted in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2006), MEDLINE (1966 to ...