The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a favorite organism for pioneering studies on nutrient-sensing and signaling mechanisms. Many specific nutrient responses have been elucidated in great detail. This has led to important new concepts and insight into nutrient-controlled cellular regulation. Major highlights include the central role of the Snf1 protein kinase in the glucose repression p...

Ceramide induces cell death in response to many stimuli. Its mechanism of action, however, is not completely understood. Ceramide induces autophagy in mammalian cells maintained in rich media and nutrient permease downregulation in yeast. These observations suggested to us that ceramide might kill mammalian cells by limiting cellular access to extracellular nutrients. Consistent with this propo...

Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is the most common cause of blindness, and chronic intravitreal injection anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins has been dominant therapeutic approach. Less a prolonged inter-injection interval are main drivers behind new wet AMD drug innovations. By rationally engineering surface residues model anti-VEGF nanobody, we obtained ser...

Molecular farming, or bio-pharming, has recently received much of attention for production of valuable recombinant proteins, with a few already being marketed. The use of whole plants for synthesis of pharmaceutical proteins offers various advantages in economy, scalability and safety over conventional production systems. GM plants are suitable for the inexpensive production of large amounts of...

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate anticancer activity of cow, goat, sheep, mare, donkey and camel milks and their casein and whey proteins against MCF7 cell line. The structure-based properties of the casein proteins were also investigated, using bioinformatics tools to find explanation for their antitumor activities. The effect of different milks and their casein and whey p...

Inflammation is a condition stemming from complex host defense and tissue repair mechanisms, often simply characterized by plasma levels of a single acute reactant. We attempted to identify candidate biomarkers of systemic inflammation within the plasma proteome. We applied quantitative proteomics using isobaric mass tags (iTRAQ) tandem mass spectrometry to quantify proteins in plasma of 500 Ne...

» . . .the findings reported by Schäfer et al are the first to link Nrf2 action to the modulation of the skin barrier.« reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to damage of cellular components including proteins, DNA and lipids. This damage is thought to be a key mechanism of aging as well as to be involved in the pathogenesis of so diverse diseases as diabetes, schizophrenia, arteriosclerosis ...

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a main public health problem causing chronic liver infection and subsequently liver cirrhosis and lethal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vaccination based on HCV capsid proteins has attracted a special interest for prevention of viral infections. The core protein is a basic and evolutionary most conserved protein, which regulates the cellular processes rel...

molecular farming, or bio-pharming, has recently received much of attention for production of valuable recombinant proteins, with a few already being marketed. the use of whole plants for synthesis of pharmaceutical proteins offers various advantages in economy, scalability and safety over conventional production systems. gm plants are suitable for the inexpensive production of large amounts of...

Molecular farming, or bio-pharming, has recently received much of attention for production of valuable recombinant proteins, with a few already being marketed. The use of whole plants for synthesis of pharmaceutical proteins offers various advantages in economy, scalability and safety over conventional production systems. GM plants are suitable for the inexpensive production of large amounts of...