A database of mutagenicity test results of new chemicals has been developed. Based on the amendment of the Industrial Safety and Health Law (ISHL) in 1979, manufacturers and importers in Japan are required to register any new work place chemicals with bacterial mutagenicity test results. At present more than ten thousand substances have been examined. We have surveyed correlations between 44 su...

Attempts to reconcile qualitative carcinogenicity databases with qualitative mutagenicity database continue to indicate that there is no useful relationship between mutagenicity/genotoxicity and rodent carcinogenicity. It is suggested that recognition of two classes of carcinogen, genotoxic and nongenotoxic, is the first step in finding meaningful correlations between the above parameters. This...

The Ames assays strains TA98 and TA100 have been useful in characterizing complex mixtures from organic solvent extracts of particles from diesel-powered vehicles, ambient air, and other sources. In this paper we report preliminary experiments using TA102, a bacterial strain that detects compounds that can oxidize DNA, to characterize the mutagenicity of an ambient air sample collected in Ann A...

The aim of this study was to assess the interaction of a series of well characterised nano-objects with the Gram negative bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, and how such an interaction may relate to the potential mutagenicity of nano-objects. Transmission electron microscopy showed that nano-objects (Au-PMA-ATTO NPs, CeO₂ NPs, SWCNTs and MWCNTs), as well as CAFs entered S. typhimurium. Only DEPs...

At the request of the European Food Safety Authority, the Scientific Committee has reviewed the 8 current state-of-the-science on genotoxicity testing strategies and provided a commentary and 9 recommendations on testing strategies, bearing in mind the needs of EFSA’s various Scientific Panels 10 to have appropriate data for risk assessment. It is hoped that this opinion will contribute to grea...

Gemcitabine is an anti-cancer drug with clinically uses in the treatment of various neoplasms, including breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung, pancreaticand cervical cancers, T-cell malignancies, germ cell tumours, and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, it has also been reported to have many adverse effects. Naturally occurring anti-mutagenic effects, especially those of plant origin, have rec...

We tested the proposition that human mammary lipid contains muta genic/genotoxic agents that could cause DNA damage in adjacent epithe. hal cells. Lipid samples from breast tissue surgically removed from 40 women undergoing elective reduction mammoplasty were extracted by a solid-phase procedure. Mutagenicity was observed in Salmonella typhi murium TA98 and TA1538 in 16 of 40 (40%) extracts ass...

Background: Theaflavins (TFs) are a category of natural compounds characterized with the benzotropolone skeleton. The prominent benefits of TFs have been well documented. Amount of research were conducted and excellent achievements were disclosed during the past years. However, as far as we know, there is no comprehensive review about TFs. Scope and approach: This review summarized the recent r...