antibiotic guidelines have proven to be a simple and effective intervention to guide the choice of appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens. the goals of this study were to evaluate adherence to guidelines and streamlining of antibiotics. hospital records of hospitalized patients in infectious diseases ward imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran, from may 2008 to september 2009 were reviewed. adhe...

atrial fibrillation (af) is a commonly encountered arrhythmia in our daily practice. every year a huge bulk of data is published about different management strategies, new antiarrhythmic drugs, anticoagulation protocols and ablation procedures in these patients. in this review article, we discuss different management strategies and new antiarrhythmic drugs as well as those commonly used. we wil...

background vitamin d (vit d) level may change variously in serums of patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis (anti-tb) therapy using antibiotics such as isoniazid and rifampin. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate all components of calcium (ca) regulatory agents in the six- month period of standard anti- tb therapy. patients and methods eight adults whose pulmonary tb had been diagnosed...

ba ckground: legionella pneumophila is  a  dangerous pathogenic bacterium can cause serious infectious diseases especially in hospitalized immuno-compromised patients. this bacterium is shown to be resistant against different antibiotics. resistance against a wide range of antibiotics is usually mediated by efflux pump in bacteria. efflux pumps are proteinaceous transporters localized in the cy...

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be progressive and may be associated with permanent joint damage and disability. Early identification of PsA will enable these patients with progressive disease to be treated early and aggressively. Due to lack of consistent diagnostic or classification criteria in the past, PsA was considered as uncommon. Overall it affects 6...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a prevalence of 0.1–1.2%, and it normally starts in the third decade of life. In contrast to other inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the therapeutic options are limited and confined to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and, if this treatment fails, to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) block...