An ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with wetting and drying (WAD) capabilities removes the vertical-wall coastal assumption and allows simultaneous modeling of open-ocean currents and water run-up (and run-down) across movable land–sea boundaries. This paper implements and tests such a WAD scheme for the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) in its most general three-dimensional setting with strati...

UNLABELLED Subseafloor sediment hosts a large, taxonomically rich, and metabolically diverse microbial ecosystem. However, the factors that control microbial diversity in subseafloor sediment have rarely been explored. Here, we show that bacterial richness varies with organic degradation rate and sediment age. At three open-ocean sites (in the Bering Sea and equatorial Pacific) and one continen...

Abstract The Archean ocean supported a diverse microbial ecosystem, yet studies suggest that seawater was largely depleted in many essential nutrients, including fixed nitrogen. This depletion part consequence of inefficient nutrient recycling under anoxic conditions. Here, we show how hydrothermal fluids acted as mechanism for ammonium (NH4+) the ocean. We present elemental and stable isotope ...

Viral diversity and virus-host interactions in oxygen-starved regions of the ocean, also known as oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), remain relatively unexplored. Microbial community metabolism in OMZs alters nutrient and energy flow through marine food webs, resulting in biological nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas production. Thus, viruses infecting OMZ microbes have the potential to modulate commun...

Through their metabolic activities, microbial populations mediate the impact of high gradient regions on ecological function and productivity of the highly dynamic Columbia River coastal margin (CRCM). A 2226-probe oligonucleotide DNA microarray was developed to investigate expression patterns for microbial genes involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the CRCM. Initial experiments with t...

A model is outlined for the major biochemical respiratory mechanisms of a conceptualised heterotrophic facultative organism (representing the heterotrophic facultative mass of activated sludge) subjected to four different sets of conditions: steady-state aerobic, steady-state anoxic, steady-state aerobic changed to anoxic, and steady-state anoxic/anaerobic changed to aerobic. Proposals and impl...