Abnormal uterine bleeding related to ovulatory dysfunction (i.e., oligo-ovulation and anovulation) is a range of disorders often associated with heavy, irregular bleeding. Assessment includes a medical history, physical examination, and selected laboratory and imaging tests (i.e., pregnancy test; beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin test; measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone and p...

The aim of study was to evaluate endocrine changes in PCOS women during metformin treatment. One hundred women with PCOS, aged 20-40 years were included. A complete hormonal and metabolic pattern was recorded for each subject every 6 months. Metformin treatment after 6 and 12 months significantly reduced weight, BMI, waist circumference, insulin and HOMA-IR (p=0.000) with high differences of va...

INTRODUCTION It has been postulated that the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female-to-male transsexuals (FMTs) is higher than normal. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of PCOS and hyperandrogenemia in FMTs, compared with controls. METHODS Sixty-one FMTs were evaluated using the Rotterdam 2003 criteria and National Institutes of Health 1990 criteri...

BACKGROUND About 30-40% of patients do not receive care based on available scientific evidence. For subfertility, this may imply unnecessary and expensive diagnostic tests and treatments. It is therefore important to identify gaps in performance by monitoring current subfertility care. A set of 39 guideline-based performance indicators was previously developed for this purpose. This study aimed...

Anovulatory cycles are a symptom and not a disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome, pituitary microadenoma, impaired GnRH release, and hypothyroidism are common etiologies for anovulation and should be excluded. Patients can present with amenorrhea which needs etiology-specific treatment or with acute dysfunctional uterine bleeding which might need emergency treatment. Emergency treatment can be eit...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous familial disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. This multi-system, polygenic, multi-factorial disorder is associated with an increased risk for metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Signs and symptoms of PCOS often emerge during the peri-pubertal years with premature pubarche (PP) being the earl...

Obesity is clearly becoming a worldwide pandemic and is now considered a disease that recent data have shown it affects more than one third of the adult population in the United States [1]. Obesity affects female reproduction [2-6] since compelling data showed that obese women are more predisposed to subfertility [7], have increased risk of miscarriages [8] and are more prone to having pregnanc...

Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is primarily a disorder of clinical and biochemical androgen excess plus either chronic anovulation and/or polycystic ovaries with exclusion of hyperprolactinaemia and 21 hydroxylase deficiency. Over 60% of PCOS patients seen in clinical settings are obese and it becomes challenging to Manage these obese infertile PCOS patients. Importance of life style interve...

The objective of the current study was to evaluate relationship body condition score (BCS) at 35 d in milk (DIM), production, diseases, and duration dry period with prevalence anovulation 49 DIM then, specifically, each anovular phenotype. We hypothesized that follicular phenotypes, classified based on maximal size follicle, have different etiologies. A total 942 lactating Holstein cows (357 pr...