The authors review the most important Spanish contributions to hypnosis during the 19th and 20th centuries, with emphasis on the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, winner of the 1906 Nobel Prize in medicine. It is widely accepted that he provided a basic foundation for modern neurosciences with his work on neuronal staining and synaptic transmission. What is missing in most accounts of his work is...

High-resolution differential optical transmission measurements of a thin layer of bulk GaAs show anomalous behavior of the lowest energy exciton at low excitation density and temperature. The spectrum shows induced absorption with a superlinear dependence on excitation density with no detectable change in resonance frequency or linewidth. At a temperature dependent excitation density, the anoma...

A practical method for generating high-quality optical pulses of sub-picosecond pulse widths is presented. The method uses linear chirp generation in supercontinuum pulses in a normal dispersion fiber. This linear chirp is utilized by an anomalous dispersion fiber to shorten the pulse widths down to a few hundreds of femtoseconds. This compression method results in 0.28-ps 10-GHz optical pulses...

Despite great interest in the quantum anomalous Hall phase and its analogs, all experimental studies in electronic and bosonic systems have been limited to a Chern number of one. Here, we perform microwave transmission measurements in the bulk and at the edge of ferrimagnetic photonic crystals. Band gaps with large Chern numbers of 2, 3, and 4 are present in the experimental results, which show...

Pd capped pure Mg thin film (50 nm thick) was prepared by magnetron sputtering and its hydrogenation at room temperature has been investigated. After exposure to 4% hydrogen gas diluted by argon, the Pd/Mg thin films show drastic optical changes from the metallic state to the transparent state within five seconds by hydrogenation. Transmission electron microscope observation reveals that this s...

We predict an extreme sensitivity to the dissipative losses of the resonant interaction of bulk phonons with a 2D defect in a solid. We show that the total resonant reflection of the transverse phonon at the 2D defect, described earlier without an account for dissipation, occurs only in the limit of extremely weak dissipation and is changed into almost total transmission by relatively weak bulk...

We demonstrated a tunable temporal gap based on simultaneous fast and slow light in electro-optic photonic crystals. The light experiences an anomalous dispersion near the transmission center and a normal dispersion away from the center, where it can be accelerated and slowed down, respectively. We also obtained the switch between fast and slow light by adjusting the external electric filed. Th...

We show that a harmonic lattice model with amplifying and attenuating elements, when coupled to two thermal baths, exhibits unique heat transport properties. Some of these novel features include anomalous nonequilibrium steady-state heat currents, negative differential thermal conductance, as well as nonreciprocal heat transport. We find that when these elements are arranged in a PT-symmetric m...

Polarization is one of the basic properties of electromagnetic waves conveying valuable information in signal transmission and sensitive measurements. Conventional methods for advanced polarization control impose demanding requirements on material properties and attain only limited performance. We demonstrated ultrathin, broadband, and highly efficient metamaterial-based terahertz polarization ...