Abnormalities in the migration of cortical neurons to ectopic sites can be caused by prenatal exposure to ethanol. In extreme cases, cells migrate past the pial surface and form suprapial heterotopias or 'warts'. We used organotypic slice cultures from 17-day-old rat fetuses to examine structural and molecular changes that accompany wart formation. Cultures were exposed to ethanol (0, 200, 400 ...

BACKGROUND Seasonal variation has been demonstrated in many diseases, including certain skin diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is seasonal variation in dermatologic office visits in the USA. METHODS Data on dermatologic office visits were obtained from representative visits to outpatient physicians in the USA from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1990 to 1998. O...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes a variety of anogenital cancers and is considered the primary cause of anal canal cancer 1,2. Anal cancer is a rare disease: a total of 4650 diagnoses of anal carcinoma and 690 deaths were expected in the United States in 2007, with approximately 40% of the diagnoses and deaths being expected to occur in men. Other than cervical cancer, anal cancer was expected...

Previously ectopic breast tissue was thought to be derived from the caudal remnants of the primitive embryonic milk ridges; anogenital mammary-like glands are presently considered as normal constituents of the anogenital region. We report a case of young female, who presented with an anal papilloma. Histopathological examination revealed extensive fibrocystic changes in anogenital mammary-like ...

The outbreak of HIV infection introduced a new phenomenon in varicella zoster virus (VZV) pathology, namely the long-standing wart-like skin lesions that are frequently associated with resistance to thymidine kinase (TK)-dependent antiviral agents. This paper reviews the clinical, histological, and molecular aspects and the therapeutic management of these verrucous lesions. The majority of lesi...

Often, the treatment of verrucae is frustrating for both the physician and patient. Treatment may be painful, scarring, ineffective, and costly. The object of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of Candida albicans intralesional injection immunotherapy (CI) versus conventional wart treatment. The results of a prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, comparison study are pr...

Possible modes of transmission of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in children include perinatal transmission, sexual transmission, or extragenital contact. Conventional treatment options with chemical and physical destruction methods can be difficult and painful and often require general anesthesia. Imiquimod is a topically active immunomodulatory agent that has been shown to successfully treat...

OBJECTIVE Differentiating between child sexual abuse and nonintentional causes of anogenital injury can be challenging, and a misdiagnosis can have a profound impact on the child and family. This case series documents an important nonintentional mechanism of anogenital injury that mimics the physical findings of child sexual abuse. METHODS Four children were examined after being run over by a...