Motivated by our design of an annotation system (Notable), we have developed a framework for annotation systems, based on dimensions of the platform used to create the annotations, the platform used to read them, the annotations themselves, the targets of the annotations, and the correspondence between annotation and target. We demonstrate the framework by using it to compare 10 different annot...

This paper focuses on the semantic annotation of textual content and on annotation requirements that emerge from the needs of cultural heritage annotation projects. The requirements presented here are based on two text annotation case studies at the National Library of Latvia and were generalised to be applicable to a wider range of annotation projects. This paper describes the requirements col...

Consistency of corpus annotation is an essential property for the many uses of annotated corpora in computational and theoretical linguistics. While some research addresses the detection of inconsistencies in positional annotation (e.g., partof-speech) and continuous structural annotation (e.g., syntactic constituency), no approach has yet been developed for automatically detecting annotation e...

It is widely recognized that the proliferation of annotation schemes runs counter to the need to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. To answer this need, we have developed a framework comprised of an abstract model for a variety of different annotation types (e.g., morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic annotation, co-referen...

This paper presents the implementation of a model for expression array annotation (EAA) using the BioMediator biological data integration system along with BioConductor, an analytic tools platform. The model presented addresses the need for annotation sources identified during BioConductor inverted exclamation mark s development. Annotation provides us with well-curated genomic background knowl...

This article aims at defining a context ontology of teacher’s personal annotation, in order to use it in a context-aware annotation tool “MemoNote”. Starting from a general definition of the context and its application to teacher’s annotation, we define the uses of active and passive contexts in MemoNote (annotation ontologies selection, annotation memorization, pattern definition and selection...

We introduce the brat rapid annotation tool (BRAT), an intuitive web-based tool for text annotation supported by Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology. BRAT has been developed for rich structured annotation for a variety of NLP tasks and aims to support manual curation efforts and increase annotator productivity using NLP techniques. We discuss several case studies of real-world annotati...