The present study described the frequency of animal bites and attacks in the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico between the fiscal years 1996 through 1998. A total of 275 cases were reported to the San Juan Local Office of Environmental Health. The distribution of cases by gender was equal, and persons aged 18 years or older had the highest frequency of animal bites and attacks (52.9%). The ...

rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. produced hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of methane by methanogenesis. nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

T he importance of zoonotic enteric disease transmission at animal exhibit settings has become apparent in recent years, as outbreaks associated with animal exhibits are reported with increasing frequency. Until recently, awareness of direct animal-to-human transmission of enteric pathogens was limited; there had been a few individual case reports. 1-3 With recent large outbreaks associated wit...

background continuous epidural analgesia with catheterization is a useful technique, because it has a wide adaptation range and provides prolonged analgesia. problems that may arise from long-term epidural analgesia are changes in the analgesic area, duration of analgesia and catheter-related problems. few articles have evaluated gradual changes of long-term epidural analgesia. in the animal mo...

Settlement and economy patterns of the Iron Age early medieval population Central North Caucasus evidence complex cultural processes in region. The ecological approach including evaluation carbon nitrogen isotopes local biota opens up new prospects study environments, climate, anthropogenic effect, land use, nutrition. We analyze isotopic composition collagen 19 human 11 animal bone samples fro...

Environmental stochasticity is an important concept in population dynamics, providing a quantitative model of the extrinsic fluctuations driving population abundances. It is typically formulated as a stochastic perturbation to the maximum reproductive rate, leading to a population variance that scales quadratically with abundance. However, environmental fluctuations may also drive changes in th...

Despite the enormous relevance of zoonotic infections to worldwide public health, and despite much effort in modeling individual zoonoses, a fundamental understanding of the disease dynamics and the nature of outbreaks arising in such systems is still lacking. We introduce a simple stochastic model of susceptible-infected-recovered dynamics in a coupled animal-human metapopulation, and solve an...