CONTEXT Proliferation of the use of psychopharmacologic drugs for the treatment of individuals with attention and behavior disorders has promoted discussion of the illicit use of such drugs to enhance academic performance. Previous research has focused on the use of such drugs by undergraduate students; however, inquiry into the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants by medical students is w...

to achieve the desired level of animal performance providing animal food supplies containing mineral elements is essential. for this purpose, mineral elements of 8 important rangeland species, including ferula ovina, prangus uloptera, medicago sativa, lotus goeblia, trifolium montanum, melilotus officinalis, sanguisorba minor and stachys inflate, were measured at different growth stages in the ...

The United States Food and Drug Administration currently states that the use of stimulants in patients with tic disorders and/or family history of tic disorders including Tourette's syndrome is contraindicated. Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however, are at increased risk of tics regardless of stimulants use. After evaluating the most recent literature on the inc...

With increased awareness that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can persist beyond childhood, pharmacological treatment options for adults have expanded. Short-acting stimulants continue to be the first-line approach, demonstrating clinical efficacy and few adverse events in well-controlled trials, with long-acting stimulants also showing promise. Atomoxetine has also been reporte...

The physiological processes involved in parturition (i.e., labor, delivery, and birth) require a complex interplay of hormonal action, neuronal activity, and uterine smooth muscle contraction. During the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the uterus remains in a relatively quiescent state, demonstrating little or no contraction of the myometrium.This inactivity is largely the result of the inhi...

29 29 GENERIC NAME PAGE Amphetamine 350 Caffeine 351 Doxapram 349 Fenfluramine 351 Methamphetamine 350 Methylphenidate 350 Modafenil 351 GENERIC NAME PAGE Pemoline 350 Pentylenetetrazol 349 Sibutramine 351 Phentermine 351 Theobromine 351 Theophylline 351 Central nervous system (CNS) stimulation is the primary action of a diverse group of pharmacological agents and an adverse effect associated w...