Introduction: Accurate measurement of T1 is essential for many quantitative MRI techniques, such as dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. Variable flip angle (VFA) spoiled gradient echo imaging is one of the most widely used methods for T1 mapping [1]. However, this technique often suffers from flip angle inaccuracies due to inhomogeneous RF fields and slice profile effects [2]. Actual flip-angle imag...

Back ground: The clavicle is complex bone, and is most frequently fractured bone of human skeleton. Most of the factures occur at the middle third of the shaft of the bone. The present study was done to measure in length and angles (medial and lateral angles) of clavicle. The angles of clavicle are very important for anatomists, orthopedicians, surgeons and forensic anthropologists. 60 dry clav...

We present an implementation of realistic static friction in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of granular particles. In our model, to break contacts between two particles, one has to apply a finite amount of force, determined by the Coulomb criterion. Using a two dimensional model, we show that piles generated by avalanches have a finite angle of repose θR (finite slopes). Furthermore, these...

AbstracL We present an implemenlalion of realistic static friction in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of granular particles. In our model, to break contact between two particles, one has to apply a Bnile amount of force, determined by the Coulomb criterion. Using a Wo.dimmsional model, we show that piles generated by avalanches have a @e angle of repose 8, (finite slopes). Furthermore, thes...

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is associated with considerable mortality. The electrocardiographic frontal QRS-T angle is a simple parameter to measure, reflects changes in the direction of the repolarization sequence and predicts outcome in patients with HF. Data regarding temporal changes in the frontal QRS-T angle in patients with HF and its impact on outcome is limited. AIM To evaluate tem...

T HERE is some evidence1' 2 that the spatial angle between the mean QRS and T vector might serve as an important criterion for the diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy or coronary insufficiency, although the angle was not actually measured. Recently, a method has been described' to construct and measure this angle from the conventional electrocardiogram. With this method, a vector is defined in...

Position uncertainty (delocalization) measures for a particle on the sphere are proposed and illustrated on several examples of states. The new measures are constructed using suitably the standard multiplication angle operator variances. They are shown to depend solely on the state of the particle and to obey uncertainty relations of the Schrödinger-Robertson type. A set of Hermitian operators ...