single-gene disorders occur when mutation in a gene causing alteration of gene function while in multifactorial disorders, mutations occur in multiple genes, and these are usually coupled with environmental causes. in addition, in a multifactorial disorder such as diabetes, the complication is under the influence of different genes. for example, in diabetic retinopathy many genes are involved i...

background: nowadays, drug and observation are advised to patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis and in some cases with nonfunctioning pituitary macoadenoma, instead of surgery. case presentation: in this article, we report a woman with nonfunctional pituitary macroadenoma and panhypopitutarism and negative criteria for lymphocytic hypophysitis associated with increased liver enzymes. after thr...

amino acid dehydrogenases (l-amino acid: oxidoreductase deaminating ec 1.4.1.x) are members of the wider superfamily of oxidoreductases that catalyze the reversible oxidative deamination of an amino acid to its keto acid and ammonia with the concomitant reduction of either nad+, nadp+ or fad. these enzymes have been received much attention as biocatalysts for use in biosensors or diagnostic kit...

deep-seated fungal infection present with non specific symptoms and involove a large number of different organisms. dna-based technology offers for eariler detection of fungal pathogens and then earlier initiation of antifungal therapy. in this study universal primers common to almost all fungi were used to amplification of internal transcribe spacer 1 and 2 region. subsequent restriction enzym...

angioedema is an asymmetric non-pitting oedema on face, lips, tongue and mucous membranes; any delay in diagnosis and treatment can be fatal. treatment with lisinopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor, can be a reason of angioedema. here we report a case who developed oral-facial edema four years after using lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide. laryngeal oedema is a main cause of ...

introduction: silymarine extract is currently prescribed by some physicians for treatment of fatty liver disease. in the present study, the effect of administration of tablet containing silymarine extract on plasma homocysteine (hcy), folate, vitamin b12 and liver enzymes activity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (nash) was investigated. materials and methods: seventy-four patients (40 female a...

effects of yeast extract (ye) (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1%) were investigated on rosmarinic acid (ra) accumulation and tyrosine aminotransferase (tat) gene expression in melissa officinalis seedlings at different time intervals (4 and 17 hours). based on the results, only ye concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%, for the 17-hour treatment, significantly stimulated ra biosynthesis pathway. a...

a 3*2*2 factorial experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding whole wheat (0, 10, and 20%), a microbial enzyme source (arabino-xylanase based enzyme for wheat at 0% and 0.1%) and 0% or 1% insoluble grit (number 3 layer size) on the performance of white leghorn hens at 19 to 54 weeks of age. each dietary treatment was replicated four times with ten hens, housed two to a cage, eac...

objectives: liver is one of the most sensitive tissues to oxidant damage. hence, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of melissa officinalis (mo) extract and atorvastatin on the activity of liver enzymes in rats. materials and methods: in this experimental study, 60 male wistar rats were selected and allocated to six groups (n=10). the control group received a normal diet, sha...

The laccase enzyme is the largest group of Oxidoreductase enzymes and is capable of oxidizing a wide range of organic substrates to water along with molecular oxygen resuscitation. ZnO nanoparticles are known for their specific properties such as chemical stability, high electrochemical coupling rates, and wide range of absorption of radiation as multifunctional compounds. In this study, ZnO po...