Kaposi's sarcoma is generally believed to be a non-neoplastic hyperproliferation because it may regress spontaneously and its spindle cells lack features of typical tumor cells, such as aneuploidy, nuclear atypia, and permissive growth in cell culture. A fundamental characteristic of neoplasms is clonality, in that they arise from clonal replication of a single cell whereas reactive processes a...

We report a marked geographically inconsistent response of prostate cancer skeletal metastases to androgen deprivation therapy. Such inconsistent response to therapy has not been described previously in the literature and should be correlated with individual patient history. Further understanding of the mechanism of geographic responses to hormone deprivation therapy may have implications in th...

Introduction: Primary tumors of the seminal vesicles are rare. The aims this study to present case a 32-year old man with advanced primary adenocarcinoma left vesicle (PSVCA) that simulated features prostatic neoplasm. Challenges encountered in its diagnosis highlighted, and literature reviewed compare our experiences current views others on precise tumor, treatment methods outcome. Materials M...

This review is triggered by recent developments that offer new explanations for the mechanism of progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence. Established and hypothetical mechanisms, which have been described in the past, are put into perspective with recent progress in the field. A total of seven mechanisms can be identified that relate to progression to androgen independence. Five...

The development and progression of prostate cancer (CaP) is largely dependent on the dysregulation of the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway; though, the mechanism of CaP progression remains elusive. Initial treatments for CaP included prosta‐ tectomy or radiation to destroy cancerous cells [1]. However, these treatments were not curative and more often than not there were recurr...

results: among 11 patients who underwent surgery consisted of eight males and three females. their metastasis originated from testis tumors (n = 5), renal cell carcinoma (rcc; n = 4), bladder tumor (n = 1), and prostate cancer (n = 1). their mean age was 41.27 years (range, 21-67). the mean age of the patients with rcc and testis tumor at the time of diagnosing metastasis was 54 and 24.8 years,...

purpose: to study early treatment outcomes and complications of gamma knife radiosurgery (gkrs) in patients with functional and nonfunctional adenomas. methods: one hundred patients with a pituitary adenoma who were treated between 2011 and 2014 at iran gamma knife center were studied. the patients were followed up at least 2 years. radiosurgery was performed using the leksell gamma unit. the m...

The adrenal cortex tumors include both malignant adrenal cortex cancers (ACC) and benign masses (ACT) that can be either secreting, of one of the hormones normally produced in the adrenal cortex (Cushing’s syndrome if the hypersecretion is of cortisol or Conn’s syndrome if it is aldosterone) or non-secretory (Incidentalomas). The outer part of the adrenal glands, the adrenal cortex, is responsi...

Prostate cancer is initially responsive to androgen deprivation therapy, but most patients eventually develop castration-resistant disease. Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that targets several steps in the AR signaling pathway and has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in patients with or without prior chemotherapy....

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer subjects with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse who are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are recommended to have baseline and serial bone densitometry and receive bisphosphonates. The purpose of this community population study was to assess the utilization of bone densitometry and bisphosphonate therapy in men receiving ADT for non-metastatic pros...