This report will be divided into three sections. The first will contain a description of the idea of knowledge as justified true belief (JBT) and the Gettier and Gettier-style objections to it. The second will describe a number of attempts to fix the Gettier problem from a variety of angles, and the third will briefly address the broader question of why this subject has proven so seemingly intr...

We emphasize that standard quantum theory (SQT) is incomplete because it doesn’t describe what is experimentally observed, namely events, nor does it satisfactorily define the circumstances under which events may occur. Simple models are given (all of which have the same density matrix evolution) to illustrate schemes which claim to complete SQT. It is shown how the model based upon the Continu...

in addition to drawing attention to the individual and social responsibilities, the holy qur’ān has also talked about the importance of the social groups and emphasized on the efficacy of groups on individuals and other groups and the impressionability of those individuals and other groups. in the meantime, the reference groups have a significant role in the development and degeneration of indi...

The Proper Functionist account of warrant – like many other externalist accounts – is vulnerable to certain Gettier-style counterexamples involving accidentally true beliefs. In this paper, I briefly survey the development of the account, noting the way it was altered in response to such counterexamples. I then argue that Alvin Plantinga’s latest amendment to the account is flawed insofar as it...

Some trauma-memory-oriented psychotherapists advise clients to review old family photo albums to cue suspected "repressed" memories of childhood sexual abuse. Old photos might cue long-forgotten memories, but when combined with other suggestive influences they might also contribute to false memories. We asked 45 undergraduates to work at remembering three school-related childhood events (two tr...