Establishing the validity of health behavior surveys used in community-based participatory research (CBPR) in diverse populations is often overlooked. A novel, group-based cognitive interviewing method was used to obtain qualitative data for tailoring a survey instrument designed to identify barriers to improved cardiovascular health in at-risk populations in Washington, DC. A focus group-based...

the purpose of the study was assessing rural tourism’s development barriers in soltanieh, zanjan province. a descriptive–correlation survey approach was used in this study. the study population consisted of local people, government experts and tourists. data was collected by eight section closed questionnaire. reliability and validity of questionnaire were determined by investigating the at...

BACKGROUND Barriers to HIV testing experienced by individuals at risk for HIV can result in treatment delay and further transmission of the disease. Instruments to systematically measure barriers are scarce, but could contribute to improved strategies for HIV testing. Aims of this study were to develop and test a barriers to HIV testing scale in a Swedish context. METHODS An 18-item scale was...

abortion traditionally means miscarriage and is still known as a problem, which societies have been trying to reduce its rate by using legal means. despite the fact that  pregnant women and fetuses have been historically supported;  abortion  was firstly criminalized in 1926 in iran, 20 years after establishment of modern legal system. during next 53 years this situation changed dramatically, t...

Background: The aims of the research that formed the basis of the current study are as follows: Determining methods that are used by teachers for giving feedback in clinical settings. Determining types of feedback, teachers give to their students in clinical settings. Determining barriers of giving feedback and its important teachers’ experience in clinical settings. Methods: This applied res...

BACKGROUND Medication non-adherence is a major challenge in the real-life treatment of chronically ill patients. To meet this challenge, adherence interventions with a tailored approach towards patient-specific adherence barriers that are identified with a reliable and practicable questionnaire are needed. The aim of this investigation was to develop and validate such a questionnaire, the "Adhe...

INTRODUCTION Although the health benefits of walking for physical activity have received increasing research attention, barriers specific to walking are not well understood. In this study, questions to measure barriers to walking for physical activity were developed and tested among college students. The factor structure, test-retest and internal consistency reliability, and discriminant and cr...

OBJECTIVE During pregnancy, the uptake of smoking cessation courses is very low. We assessed perceived barriers to and benefits of attending a cessation course during pregnancy. METHODS A decisional-balance questionnaire was devised, including 10 statements reflecting benefits of attending a cessation course and 10 statements of barriers to attendance. The questionnaire was delivered via the ...