the international data have indicated a growing trend of alcohol use worldwide during recent years. although alcohol use is against cultural norms and religious law in iran, anecdotal reports from substance abuse treatment providers show that there is demand for alcohol treatment in the country. a recent national report also documented alcohol use disorders in iran. development and implementati...

BACKGROUND The Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey estimated the prevalence and burden of COPD across 12 countries. Using data from this survey we evaluated the economic impact of COPD. METHODS This cross-sectional, population-based survey questioned 4,343 subjects aged 40 years and older, fulfilling a case definition of COPD based on self-reported physician diagnosis or ...

background hiv/aids and tuberculosis (tb) are major contributors to the burden of disease in sub-saharan africa. the two diseases have been described as a harmful synergy as they are biologically and epidemiologically linked. control of tb/hiv co-infection is an integral and most challenging part of both national tb and national hiv control programmes, especially in contexts of instability wher...