We analyze the search e ciency of a number of common refutational theorem proving strategies for rst-order logic. Search e ciency is concerned with the total number of proofs and partial proofs generated, rather than with the sizes of the proofs. We show that most common strategies produce search spaces of exponential size even on simple sets of clauses, or else are not sensitive to the goal. H...

Strikes are totally ine¢cient from an economic point of view. They occur when the two parties that bargain over a contract do not ...nd an agreement and the result is a loss of utility for both. In spite of their clear ine¢ciency in the real world strikes are very common both in the rich economies as well as in the poor countries. Moreover recent empirical literature found some regularities ove...

Reinforcement learning is one of the most popular learning method for machine learning. Some reinforcement learning algorithms for adapting to the dynamic environment are proposed. In this paper, the number of episode to suppress the ine ective rule after the change of the environment was examined analytically. Afterwards, the forgettable pro t sharing method to suppress the ine ective rule qui...

We examine an economy with n production sectors that interact via a production externality We nd a solution to the resulting dynamic di erential game between sectors and compare it to the cooperative solution As the number of sectors increases the limiting policy is the optimal policy without a production externality This policy is ine cient and depending on the sign of the externality between ...

We analyze the search e ciency of a number of common refutational theorem proving strategies for rst order logic Search e ciency is concerned with the total number of proofs and partial proofs generated rather than with the sizes of the proofs We show that most common strategies produce search spaces of exponential size even on simple sets of clauses or else are not sensitive to the goal Howeve...

Homocyst(e)ine, a sulphur-containing amino acid, is an intermediate formed during the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine. Biological and epidemiological evidence suggest that elevated plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). In the general US population, hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia is common and most often due to mild nut...

Models of international tax competition typically assume the existence of a benevolent government. This paper presents a model which integrates the view of government as source of ine ciency with an analysis of distorting taxes on capital investment, savings and labor income in a common theoretical framework. The model yields the conclusion that the e ects of international tax coordination on t...

If the bene ciary of an altruist's gift can be expected to use this gift e ciently, then a pure altruist (one who cares about the bene ciary's utility level, but not how utility is obtained) should only give gifts of money. This is often interpreted to mean that any other type of gift is evidence of paternal altruism. However, it is known (Linbeck and Weibull (1988)) that altruism creates an in...