BACKGROUND Disease has become one of the key causes of falling into poverty in rural China. The poor households are even more likely to suffer. The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) has been implemented to provide rural residents financial protection against health risks. This study aims to assess the effect of the NCMS on alleviating health payment-induced poverty in the Shaanxi Province o...

Understanding how sterile worker castes in social insects first evolved is one of the supreme puzzles in social evolution. Here, we show that in the bee tribe Allodapini, the earliest societies did not entail a foraging worker caste, but instead comprised females sharing a nest with supersedure of dominance. Subordinates delayed foraging until they became reproductively active, whereupon they p...

Large cities and metropolitan areas in developing countries are growing rapidly. These areas grew by attracting all facilities, services and capital of the country. Tehran has been the major city and center for decision and policy making in various administrative, political, economic and socialaspects. This political focus has brought economic, social, educational focus that attracted a vast ma...

The State Employees’ Group Health Insurance Program has experienced growth in health care costs resulting in projected program deficits beginning in Fiscal Year 2001-02. Expenses are projected to exceed revenues by $28.8 million in Fiscal Year 2000-01 and are projected to exceed revenues by $121.3 million in 2001-02 and $225.1 million in 2002-03. The Legislature should consider options in four ...

purpose: the aim of this study is to identify the key factors influencing the user’s attraction to the public libraries of iran . methodology: the solutions to attract the audience were extracted using delphi method and the questionnaires. 21 experts participated in the first and 17 in the second round of delphi. findings: 34 components at the end of the first round and 73 components at the end...

vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. the goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. the worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like materia...